


HIS 



L 899 
.V5 
1913 
Copy 1 



County School Fairs 



Virginia 



(Second Edition) 




Issned ))y 

Department of Public Instruction of Virginia 

J. L). EUGLESTON, Sii'krintkni.kxt 



December, iqis 



RICHMOND : 

DAVIS BOTTOM, SUPEEINTEKDENT OF PUBLIC PRINTING 

1913 



C/^-- W-3 



I 






This Bulletin is is.-ned in order to emphasize the importance oi 
the County School Fair work; to let the public know the scope of 
this movement; to encourage the promotion of such fairs in e^■ery 
county of Virginia; to give superintendents, school fair committees, 
and teachers suggestions and illustrations that will enable them to 
hold successful fairs; and to place in their hands carefulh^ prepared 
instructions for making the various articles usually exhibited at 
such fairs. 

I desire to acknowledge the valuable assistance rendered by 
Miss Anna L. Jones, of Lynchburg, \-a.\ the Campbell County 
School Fair Committee; Mii-6 Flla G. Agnew, State Director of 
Girls' Demonstration Work; Miss Ehea C. Scott and Miss Frances 
Sale, of the Harrisonburg State Normal. The greater part of "In- 
structions for Preparing County School Fair Work"' was either 
prepared or revised by them. 

T. S. SETTLE, 
tState Supei risor Rural Elementary Schools of Virginia. 






THE HOOKWORM AND THE BOOKWORM 



Two of the greatest drawbacks to real education in Virginia 
are the hookworm and the bookAvorm. 

The hookworm is a physical handicap, weakening the body, 
producing an anaemic condition, and sapping the energies of the 
person ari'ected. It thrives through ignorance of. and carelessness 
in regard to. certain simple laws of health and sanitation. Its di- 
vinity is Beelzebul, the god of fiUh. which fatally sliapes the ends 
of thousands. 




crowd pouring Into county seat about 9:30 A. M. Loudoun County School Fair 

The Eockefeller Commission, with the hearty co-operation and 
assistance of the State Board of Health and the State Board of 
Education, is eliminating the hookworm. 

The bookworm is a mental and spiritual handicap. It some- 
times stifles, and often causes a misdirection of, the mental energies. 
One of its most dangerous tendencies is to cause the mind to mag- 
nify unessentials, while imagining these to be all-important. This 
naturally affects the character, inducing moral astigmatism, as the 
mind and heart thus att'ectecl are unable to function properly. 

Along with the hookworm, the bookworm tends to warp and 
destroy the three fundamentals of education, which are a healthy 
body, properly directed energies of mind and will, and an unselfish 
outlook on life. 



This tendency causes the victim to neglect to cuUivate the so- 
cial and spiritual energies latent in every human being. This neg- 
lect often results in spiritual and social myopia, which prevents 
foresight and limits the spiritual and social energies to an attempt 
to cure evils, which, with the bookworm eliminated, might easily 
be i^revented. For example, the bookworm, the natural ally of the 
hookworm, having produced a condition of mental and spiritual 
mj^opia, and a laisscz fcdre attitude toward life, causes its victim 
to wait for the hookworm and the typhoid and other germs to af- 
flict people before an attempt is made to cure these ten-ible scourges 
of the human race. Its victims look upon typhoid, diphtheria, 
tuberculosis, pneumonia. grii)pe, and other preventable diseases as 
visitations of a mysterious Providence, instead of visitations of 
natural causes clearly preventable. 




Gathering in the Courthouse Yard— Over 400 people in attendance. Loudoun County 

School Fair 

As bad as the hookworm is, its effects are small compared to 
those produced by the bookworm. The bookworm's worst effect 
is the attitude towards life it produces in its victims. One strange 
delusion it produces is that cultui-e consists in book knowledge for 
the sake of knowledge and not for social service — and that one 
should not unll until one knows. Its formula may be expressed in 
the sentence. "He that knoicefh will do.'' Its practical effect has 
been to teach how to know so as to ''do'' — others. This is diametri- 
cally opposed to the standpoint of Jesus Christ, whose entire life 
and teaching was, "He that wi/Is to do, shall Inoiry 

Another effect of the bookworm is its capacity to render the 
min-d and soul impervious to new ideas and ideals." It produces a 
marvelous capacity to resist the entrance of simple truths. It de- 

2 



stroys teachaljJeiiess and open-mindedness. It eiicoura<j;-es compli- 
cated life and divided aims, and rejects that spiritual simplicity 
which would show itself in sing-lemindedness properly directed to- 
ward social improvement. 

Another strange delusion produced by the bookworm is that to 
teach a child how to do something that is really useful from an 
economic standpoint is to encourage "materialism"' and to destroy 
spirituality. The educational formula of this attitude ma}- be ex- 
pressed by the sentence. '•'J'rue education consists in teaching a child 
that which he cannot use in everyday life;" or, "If it is useful 




Campbell County School Fair Hall 
Two-story building 48's88^' 

it is material education and destructive of liigh ideals; if useless, 
it is pedagogical." It is so fearful that the" BiV)lical injunction, 
"Let not thy right hand know what thy left hand doeth," may be 
disregarded, that it prevents either hand from doing anything. 
This delusion has grown from the hell-born idea that honest work 
of some kinds is degrading, while honest work of other kinds — 
usually classed as the "professions" — is highly honorable. In its 

3 



acute form it regards work with one's own hands as lacking in 
'•good form," while work with other peoples hands for one's own 
personal profit is strictly en regie and distinguishes the classes 
from the masses. 

The General Education Board, through the United States De- 
partment of Agriculture: the United Agricultural Board of Vir- 
ginia; and the vState Board of P^ducation, in co-operation with each 
other, are eliminating the bookworm. The Boys' Com Club and 
the Girls' Garden and Poultry Club, organized and conducted 
through the demonstration work, is the best known treatment for 
the disease; and this is greatly helped by the supplementary 
treatment of school a'arden clubs, sewing clubs, cooking clul)S. and 




JiiU-nor ul CaiiipbeU Coiml.\ .School Fair Hali, showing Literary Exhibit 

similar infusions. One of the most yaluable aids in applying this 
treatment is the County School Fair. 

These yarious lines of treatment — which are strikingly similar 
in purpose, though dilfering somewhat in method — open the physi- 
cal, mental, social and spiritual pores and thus tend to throw otf 
the bookworm poison that clogs the individual system and tluit has 
in fact fastened itself upon the body pobtic. If the treatment is 
applied early in the child life, it acts as an anti-toxin, and the child 
becomes immune. The County School Fair seeks to apply the 
treatment as an anti-toxin. 

The demonstration work done by the boy and girl giyes them 
the opportunity for expression in every way — physically, mentally, 

4 



morall}^, socially; while the bookworm o-nes hiiii mainly com- 
pression, cle-pression, re-pression, and sup-pression. The demon- 
stration Avork cultiv^ates health, heart, hand, and head. The Corn 
Club boy is taught to cultivate one acre of ground, and while doing 
this, is taught to cultivate in himself one mental acre of his brain, 
one spiritual acre of his heart, and one social acre of his whole 
being. The acreage is so arrariged that a stream of definite, manly 
purpose enriches the whole. 

The Garden Club girl is taught to culti^'ate her garden plot, 
and, while doing this, is taught to cultivate in the garden of her 
heart a desire to make the living place a home instead of a house. 
Her brain garden is so tilled that she can turn her noble impulses 
through the channels of clear thought into definite action and 
worthy results, and her social acre leads her not onl}" to help the 
neighbors, but to help care for the misfits and unfits produced by 
the bookworm. She soon realizes that the average home is organ- 
ized on a basis of drudgery ; and she is taught how to re-organize it 
on a basis of efficiency. 

With the systematic work now being done by the forces men- 
tioned above for the elimination of these evils, a new era is dawn- 
ing in Virginia. 

In the application of these remedies no better physician has 
appeared than 



THE COUNTY SCHOOL FAIR 



The County School Fair does its work in two directions. First, 
it sums up the work of the Boys' Corn Clubs and the Girls Garden 
and Foulti-y Clubs, the sewing clubs, cooking clubs, and similar 
organizations; and, second, it promotes these organizations and 
other valuable features of school work in counties where they have 
made little headway, and encourages their continuance and enlarge- 
ment in counties where they are already doing well. It gathers up 
results and then gives forth enthusiasm, encouragement, and defi- 
nite direction for an enlargement of this educational, economic, and 
social work. 

The School Fair is a composite picture of the work of the chil- 
dren. It presents in concentrated form the results of various lines 
of educational effort. Here one can see in a few hours the fruition 
of plans and ideals attempted by the boys and girls during the year. 

The School Fair offers prizes. This feature stimulates the zeal 
of the children. It interests their parents in the work attempted, 
and thus encourages co-operation between the children, the pai-ents 
and the teachers. 

The School Fair brings together large numbers of the children 
from different schools. It thus enlarges the outlook of each school 
community, and causes the children of each school to measure them- 
selves b}^ the side of the children of other school committees. 

The athletic contests, the spelling matches, the recitations, the 
contests in corn raising, and in the raisinsf of tomatoes and other 



vegetables; the contests in bread-making, and in making cakes and 
candies and preserves, and in canning; the woodAvork; the con- 
tests in apron and dressmaking and in other lines of needlework — 
all these things, brought together in well ordered display, are of 
great educational and social value. They teach definite purpose; 
the}^ encourage persistent ett'ort: they demand careful thought; 
they require the ability to follow directions, which demands close 
attention and concentration; they teach self-control and fair play; 
they enlarge the social vision ; they give a better perspective ; they 
ishow the value of labor and the shallowness of luck. 

The School Fair brings together a large number of parents 
and other grown-ups, who come to see the handiwork of their 
children and of the children of other neighborhoods. It is doubt- 




Corner of Henrico County School Fair, showing Domestic Science Exhibit and 
Attractive Booths 



fill whether any feature of educational work can arouse more inter- 
est and enthusiasm among grown i^eople than the School Fair. 

The School Fair, with its industrial work and athletic features, 
spells death to the bookworm. 

If the School Fair has succeeded so well — as it has — in forty- 
four counties, why should it not succeed in the one hundred counties 
of Virginia? And why should not the superintendents, trustees, 
and teachers begin at once to plan for a County School Fair for 
next fall? 



The Depaitnient of PiibJic Instruction plcdije.s iiself to co- 
operate with any eli'oi'ts to organize these Fairs. Mr. T. S. -Settle, 
State Supervisor of Kural P^lenientarv Schools, Avho works under 
the direction of the De])artnient of Public Instruction, has macie a 
specialty of this work and has gotten remarkable results. He will 
send literature; Avill visit your county and help to organize these 
School Fairs; and will gladly assist in any other way possible. His 
services are yours for the asking. 




State Supt. Puh/ic Instnict'ion. 




Manual Training Esliibit at Middlesex County School Fair 



WHAT IS ^'A VIRGINIA COUNTY SCHOOL FAIR?" 



When A person learns that 44 of the 100 counties of Virginia 
held County School Fairs in 1912: that over 30,000 Virginia coun- 
tiy school children competed for the various prizes ottered at these 
Fairs; that over $15,000 worth of prizevs were awarded the success- 
ful competitors: and that between 75,000 and 100,00 people at- 
tended, viewed the exhibits, and enjoyed the various exercises, his 
curiosity is apt to be aroused, and he will probably ask: WHAT 
IS A VIRGINIA COUNTY SCHOOL FAIR ? 




View of Rockingham County Scliool Fair Exhibit 

The best way to answer this question is to describe briefly one 
of the many of these fairs held in Virginia last fall. About nine 
o'clock in the morning, the people of the county began to pour into 
the county seat where the School Fair was to be held. They trav- 
eled in carriages, in Duggies, on horseback, in road-wagons, and 
afoot. They came from every section of the county- — from the 
small towns, from the cross roads, and from the most out-of-the-Avay 
places : they came from the homes of the rich and the homes of the 
poor; for their children were competing for some of the prizes that 
were to be awarded, and thev were also to march in the biff school 



children's parade willi the other jiupils of their schooL Nothing 
will come nearer to bringino; out father, mother, sister and brother 
than the knowledge that the children of the household are to take 
part in some public exercises. The children were there, of course. 
They came in large groups, often by schools, bedecked with their 
school colors, waving school banners, giving their school yells, and 
singing their school songs. It M'as the gala day for the county 
public schools, and even that early in the morning the holiday 
spirit w^as in the air. 

By ten o'clock, hetween 3.000 and 4.000 people hf,d assembled 
at the School Fair exhibit hall. The entrance to this hall was then 
thrown open, and this vast throng of peo])le surged in. Their eyes 
fell upon an uniipie exhibit — ditferent from anything they had ever 
seen at anv other fair. Near the entrance was a long table loaded 




Corn Exliibit Campbell t 'imiTx School Fair 

tknvn with loaves of bread, b'scuit, cakes, pies, iidine-made candy, 
butter,, jellies, pickles, canned peaches, pears, and tomatoes. On 
another table was the Domestic Art Exhibit — shirtwaists, aprons, 
handkerchiefs, embroidered centerpieces, sofa pillow covers, rag 
rugs, and a large grou]) of dolls tastefully dressed in the latest 
fashion by the school children of the primary classes; even the 
hobble skirt was in evidence. On another table was the Flower 
and Nature Study Exhibit — ferns, chrysanthemums, geraniums, 
•dahlias, and collections of Mild flowers. Further down the hall 
was the table containing the Agricultural Exhibit. On this table 
were piled ears of corn, ears of popcorn, pumpkins, sweet potatoes. 

9 



Irish potatoes, and blacK-eye peas. In a corner was the Manual 
Training Exhibit, containing bookcases, writing tables, picture 
frames, brooms, farm rakes, axe handles, shuck door-nu\ts, baskets 
and rabbit "gums." 

Nor had the literary work of the school been neglected. A 
large space was occupied by this department : on a table were a 
number of carefully prepared compositions. They were not upon 
such abstract subjects as "Intellect." "Faith," "Patience," but aealt 
with concrete, practical themes, such as "Good Eoads," "The Value 
of Scientific Methods of Farming," "How to Make a Country Home 
Comfortable and Attractive," "The Cause and Prevention of Con- 
sumption," "The House Fly a Menace to Health." There were 




Tomato Club Exhibit, Rockingham County School Fair 



also numerous specimens of writing and drawing, and the walls of 
one side of the hall Avere decorated with skilfully drawn maps of 
the county and the State. 

Antl remember that all the exhibits were prepared l)y the school 
children of the county. 

After viewing the exhibit, the large crowd gathered in the 
courthouse ,yard, and listened to tAvo short addresses, delivered from 
the courthouse steps. One of the speakers was a respresentative of 
the Farm Demonstration Work in Virginia. He told his large 
audience that Virginia needed more and better farmers, and ex- 
plained to them how they could make more money on smaller 
farms by adopting modern methods of farming. 

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The otluT 5;peaker was a representative of tlie State Depart- 
ment of Public Instruction. He spoke of the need for better schools 
in Virginia and the necessity of adapting the school curriculum to 
the lives of the people and the needs of the community. 

Xext, an old-fashioned spelling match was held. Each school 
was represented by its best spellers, and the rivalry Avas very keen. 

After lunch-hour came the most interesting and imposing fea- 
ture of the day's program — the School Fair parade. All of the 
school children of the county were formed in line of march, grouped 
by individual schools and school districts. Each school was led by 
its teachers. All the pupils of the school were wearing the school 
colors, many were carrying pennants, and floating high above their 
heads was a large banner bearing the name of the individual school. 
Some of these names were unusual, to say the least. The immense 
parade of over a thousand school children, led by a local brass band. 




Flower Exhibit, Campbell County School Fair 

waving their banners and pennants, singing their school songs, and 
giving school yells, marched through the streets of the usually quiet 
country tow^n. It was the most inspiring sight that could be wit- 
nessed — this happy, buoyant army of the future men and women of 
a great Commonwealth ! 

The parade then returned to the courthouse steps, where the 
prizes were announced and awarded. They next marched to the 
athletic field (the local race-track), where the best athletes of each 
school contested in the 100-yard dash, the 2'20-3^ard dash, the high 
jump, the baseball throAv, and the relay race. 

After this the crowd disperserl. and the people went back to 
their homes better and happier for having touched- elbows with 
thousands of their fellow county men, and many realized fully for 
the first time wdiat a large enterprise the public school system of a 
county is. and what an increased power for usefulness it may be- 
come. 

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HISTORY OF THE SCHOOL FAIR MOVEMENT 

IN VIRGINIA 



The idea of holding industrial school fairs in connection with 
the public schools of a county was first conceived by the Virginia 
Federation of Women s Clubs during the winter of 1907-8. After 
mature consideration, a definite plan for such fairs wavS drawn up 
and adopted by the Federation. Following this action., the Van 
Dyke League of Lynchburg, Va., one of the Federated Clubs, ten- 
dered to W. L. Garbee, Division Superintendent of Schools for 
Campbell County, its assistance in working up a fair, Mr. Garbee, 
believing he saAv in such a fair an opportunity to more closely cor- 




Teacher, Patron and Some Pupils of a One-Room School in attendance at the Prince 
George County School Fair 

relate school lessons Avith home interests, and other possibilities 
tor good to his schools, accepted their otter. A School Fair Com- 
mittee of trustees, teachers, and ])nblic-spirited citizens w^as then 
formed, and with the cooperation of Miss Anna L. Jones and other 
members of the Van Dyke League, a prize list was made up, prizes 
secured from the merchants of Lynchburg, a School Fair catalogue 
published, and the teachers, ])ui^ils, and })arents of the county Avere 
urged to co-operate in this work. 

As a result of their efforts, tlie first County School Fair in 
Virginia was held at Kustburg, the county seat of Campbell 
County, October 28, 1908. This first fair Avas not a large one. 
Only twenty-four prizes Avere offered, aggregating in value $70. 
One small jury room in the courthouse easily held the exhibits. 

i2 



The promoters of this first fair felt, nevertheless, that their 
elfort had been a success, (ireat movements usually start with small 
beginnings. As soon as the 1908 fair was over, they began making 




A Trustee and l^ocal Hrass Hand leading Parade, Loudoun Counfy School Fair 

plans for a larger fair in 1909. A larger prize list was made out. 
The Lynchburg merchants materially increased their financial aid; 
private citizens of the county made liberal contributions, and the 




Part of liOudoun County School Fair Parade 

Count}' School Board, realizing that this w'as a Avorthy educational 
work, made a substantial appropriation. When the exhibits came 
in for the 1909 Fair, the courthouse room would not hold them. 

13 



and they had to be transferred to the largest building then exist- 
ing in the town. 

The 1010 Fair was an even greater snccess. Xo building could 
be found large enough to hold the exhibits, so a large tent was 
stretched upon the court green. 

The Fair had now grown to such i)roportions, and had ob- 
tained such a hold upon the interast and pride of the Campbell 
Count}^ people, that, at the conclusion of the 1910 Fair, a movement 
was stai-ted to build a permanent School Fair Hall. Funds for 
this purpose were soon raised by generous private contributions. 
by entertainments given in the schools, and by a supplemental 
appropriation by the county. The School Fair Hall wa« completed 
111 time to be used for the 1911 School Fair. It is a two-story 
building 44x88^ feet. The lower story is an exhibit hall, and the 
upper stoiy is an auditorium for holding the public exercises. The 




School Fair Parade, Sussex County 

total cost was $3,100. The Countv School Board appropriated 
$1,000, the County Board of Supervisors $500, and $1,600 was 
raised in the other ways mentioneed above. 

The Campbell County School Fair of 1911 was in keeping with 
its new and commodious quarters, and far surpassed all previous 
fairs. The number of prizes had grown from 24 in 1908 to 301 in 
1911, and their value from $70.00 to $827.00. In competition for 
these prizes, 1,.529 pieces of Avork were exhibited, divided among 
the various departments as follows: 

Literary, 340; agricultural. 114: floral, 105; domestic science. 
587; domestic aii:, 226; manual training, 112; poultiy. 45. 

In addition to these exhibits, there w^ere 150 entries for the 
spelling matches and 111 for the athletic events. 

Four thousand people attended this fair. 

14 



The lUl-J School I^air was, hoAvever. the most siiccessful that 
Campbell Count,y has yet held. Over $1,200 was o-iven away in 
prizes, nearly 5,000 people attended, and 1,500 children took part 
in the parade. 




Glimpse of Rockingliam County Scliool Fair Parade Three thousand School Children 
took part In this Parade 

In the meantime, the School Fair work has spread to many 
other counties in Virginia. In the early part of 1910, the State 
Department of Public Instruction, realizing: the good the Camp- 




starting the220-.vard dash, Amelia County Scliool Fair 

bell County School Fair Avas doing in that county, and in full 
sympathy Avith the plan of promoting industrial AA'ork in the Vir- 
ginia public schools through such fairs. Avent actiA^ely to work to 

15 



inaugurate the movement in other counties. The result was that 
many very successful fairs were held in the fall of 1910. In 1911 
the numl)er had grown to twenty odd, and in 1912 to forty-four. 
Some of these fairs Avere held in connection with the regidar 
county fairs, others independently. 

The Department stands read}^ to assist in this work, and to 
aid any county in organizing such fairs through its representative. 
Mr. T. S. Settle. State Supervisor of Rural Elementary Schools. 
Richmond, Va., who has special charge of these County School 
Fairs. 




lOO-yard dash, Sussex County School Fair 



HOW TO HAVE A SUCCESSFUL COUNTY 
SCHOOL FAIR 



The Division (or County) Superintendent should first of all 
become interested. It is very difficult to conduct successfully any 
enterprise which concerns all the schools of a county without his 
enthusias-tic leadership. 

The next step is to secure the hearty co-operation of the teach- 
ers. The Superintendent can do this by appearing before them at 
a regular or called meeting of the Teachers' Association, explain- 
ing to them what a School Fair is, its purposes, and how in his 
opinion such a fair would aid that county. The teachers should 
then discuss the advisability of holding such a fair and vote upon it. 

Should this vote be in the affirmative, every teacher should 
consider herself a committee of one to interest her pupils in_ the 
work and to send to the fair a creditable number of entries from 

16 



her school. A special school fair coiiiinittee should be chosen to 
take charge of all the routine Avork connected Avitli the fair. The 
personnel of this committee varies in dilferent counties, but we 
would suggest the following plan for securing a. good working 
committee: 

The teachers should choose one teacher from each district ; the 
Division fSupermtendent should appoint one trustee from each dis- 
trict, and these members of the committee siiould select one citizen 
from each district. 

This committee should nuike out a prize list, raise funds for 
financing the fair, issue a catalogue, look after the advertising, take 
charge of and aiTange the exhibits, select competent judges to 
award the prizes, arrange and conduct the exercises of fair day, etc. 




Kunuing High Jump. Henrico County School Fairf 

The work of the connnittee may be made more ettective by 
dividing it into such sub-committees as Finance. Catalogue and 
Printing and Advertising, Entertainment, Arrangement and Deco- 
ration, and Program. 

The County School Board (or the District School Boards) 
should make a cash appropriation to assist in hnancing the fair. 
Business firms and public-spirited private citizens are always will- 
ing and glad to subscribe to the prize list. 

In the hope of assisting scnool fair committees in selecting the 
prize lists ancl making out the catalogues, there is published in the 
back of this pamphlet a lengthy suggested list of School i«'air 
prizes, from which the committee may choose; revised rules and 
regulations to govern the conduct of the fair; revised entry sheet: 

17 



and revised instructions telling hoAv to prepare the various articles 
for vv^hich prizes are olt'ered. The committee can save time and 
labor by incorporating these instructions bodily into their cata- 
logue. 

Then everyhody should give his enthusiastic cooperation to 
make the fair a success. It is through untiy of action only that 
satisfactory results are obtained. Work for it and "boost"' it. 




Basket Ball Game, Henrico County Sfhool f air 



IS 



Suggested List of School Fair Prizes 



LITERARY WORK 



Compositions 



Good Roads (to be written by a boy). 

A Boy's Duty to His Mother (to be written by a boy). 

How to Make a Country Home Comfortable and Attractive (to be writ- 
ten by a girl). 

Uplift of Rural Home Life: Responsibility of Our Girls (to be written 
by a girl). 




Homeward Bound after a Happy Day at a County School Fair 

Suggestions for Beautifying the School Room and Grounds. 

How Scientific Methods aid the Farmer. 

Importance of Forest Conservation. 

Utilization of Waste Products in county. 

How Does the Tariff affect the Farmer? 

Old and Modern Farming Methods Contrasted: Imi)rovements in Imple- 
ments, Fertilization, Labor, etc. 

Mutual Dependence of City and Country Life. 

Story of Bird, Plant or Insect Life. 

A Pupil's Obligation to his or her Teacher. 

Historical Sketch of (Choice) Jefferson Davis, .1. E. B. Stuart or Lin- 
coln. 

Why the Bible Should be Taught in the Public Schools. 

Our Native Birds and Trees. 

I!) 



Why I am Glad I Live in Virginia in tlie County of . 

An Illustrated Story of the History of county. 

Virginia's Part in the War of 1776. 

What Thomas Jefferson did for the Public School System of Virginia. 

Does a Trust Affect the Farmer, and How? 

Improvements of Roads During the Past Ten Years, and the Effect on 
the Farmer. 

Is Farming, as a Profession, Increasing or Decreasing? 

Conveniences Possible in Simple Country Homes. 

How I Beautified my Country Home With Vines and Flowers — Kodak 
Illustrations. 

How Social Life in the Country may be Improved. 

Property Waste by Fire — How to Prevent It. 

The Native Trees of County and Their Uses. 

How Winter Evenings at Home May be Made Pleasant and Profitable. 

How we Beautified our School Room — Illustrated with kodak pictures 
taken before beginning work and others showing results. 

How we Beautified our School Grounds — Illustrated with kodak pictures 
taken before beginning work, and others showing results. 

Legumes that Enrich the Soil. 

Across our Country in a Pullman Car. 

Imaginary Lecture from Family Doctor on Habits of Personal Cleanli- 
ness and Rules for Good Health. 

Nature's Spring work in the Woods. 

Nature's Preparation for Winter. 

Value of Birds to the Farmer. 

A Year in the Life of Robin Redbreast. 

Story of the Life of a Butterfly. 

Clean Milk, and How to Get It. 

Cause and Prevention of Consumption. 

A Study of Agriculture. 

The House Fly — Personal hygiene. 

Ijetters 

To the boy writing the best letter of application for an imaginary 
position as Farm Superintendent, stating as his own the qualifications he 
regards as necessary. 

To the boy writing the best letter of application for an imaginary 
position as Superintendent of Poultry, stock and fruit farm (choice), 
stating as his own the qualifications he regards as necessary for such a 
position. 

To the boy writing the best letter advertising his farm for sale, stating 
its special advantages and his experience on it. 

To the girl writing the best letter from imaginary daughter to her 
mother, telling her plans for making her own home in the country happy 
and comfortable. 

To the girl writing the best letter to a city friend, telling her how life 
is spent in the country. 

To the girl writing the best letter applying for the position of teacher 
in a country school. 

Letters telling of Indian child life. 

Imaginary letter to sister or brother away from home. 

Drawing 

Exhibit of free-hand drawing by pupil in high school department. 
Exhibit of free-hand drawing by pupil in grammar school department. 
Exhibit of free-hand drawing by pupil in primary school department. 
Drawing of a graded school building — Scale 1-4-inch to 1 foot. 
(The drawing must give floor plan and front elevation.) 

20 



Exhibit of a book of free-hand drawing, not less than five subjects, on 
paper 9x12 inches. 

Original drawing of any still life object. 
Drawing book, completed without assistance. 
Drawing of a farm house and outbuildings. 

Writing- 
Copy of Tennyson's "Sweet and Low," by pupils of high school depart- 
ment. 

Copy of the first eleven lines of "Evangeline" by pupils of grammar 
school. 

Copy of Sherman's "Daisies" by inipils of primary department. 
Neatest and best copy book. 

Improvement on Writing — Exhibit first and last copy-book of session 
■with teacher's certificate of that fact written in each copy-book. 

3Iaps and lli-awing 

Political map of county, showing location of principal places: 

roads, railroads, streams, etc., drawn to the scale of one inch to the mile. 

Relief map of county, showing principal elevations, slope of 

land, contour, drainage, cities and towns, railroads. 

Relief map of United States, showing State lines and princii)al crops 
raised in each State. 

Relief map of North America, showing animal distribution. 

Political map of Virginia, showing latitude and longitude, counties, 
principal rivers, mountains, cities and railroads. 

Soil map of county. 

Spelling- 
Spelling contests between representatives of the high school depart- 
ments. 

Spelling contests between representatives of the grammar school de- 
partments. 

Oi-ations 

Prizes for the best oration. Subject selected by the School Fair Com- 
mittee. 

Declamations and I{ecitatif>n 

Prizes offered for the best declamation and best recitation. Bach school 
sending one representative. 



AGRICULTURE 



Largest yield of corn to acre. 

Largest yield of corn on half-acre — one-half sub-soil with dynamite the 
other half with plow. 

Best ten ears of corn grown on acre. 
Best ten ears of corn grown on 1-16 of acre. 
Best single ear of corn. 

Best stalk of corn with two ears, not more than four feet from ground. 

21 



For best written report on growing corn. 

Largest net profit as sliown by written report on growing corn. 
Largest yield of corn on MG of an acre. 
Best yield of tomatoes from 1-10 acre. 

Best display of canned tomatoes, the tomatoes raised by pupil on 1-10 
^^ 

Sweet potatoes. 
Irish potatoes. 
Black-eyed peas. 
Soja beans. 

Pop-Corn — 100 hills— exhibit of 10 ears. 
Eearly red Valentine snap beans. 

Exhibit of the largest pumpkin raised from one hill. 
Collection of four vegetables. 



FLOWERS AND NATURE STUDY 



Ferns. 

Asparagus Ferns. 

Dozen cut Chrysanthemums. 

Potted Chrysanthemums — bush 



Collection of cut Dahlias. 
Collection of pressed Raves of na- 
tive trees; county. 



Collection of native wild flowers. 
Potter Chrysanthemums with largest Record of migratory birds of the 

flowers. county. 

Flowering Geranium, potted. 



DOMESTIC SCIENCE 



Pound of butter. 

Breads. 

Loaf of yeast bread. 
Loaf of salt-rising bread, 
Half-dozen soda biscuits. 
Half-dozen baking powder biscuits, 
Half-dozen beaten biscuits. 
Half-dozen plain rolls. 
Half-dozen French rolls. 
Half-dozen corn pones. 
Half-dozen corn-meal muffins. 

Cakes 

Cup cake, 
Pound cake, 
Layer cake, 
Sugar cookies, 
Ginger snaps, 
Ginger bread (soft). 

Canned Goods 

Tomatoes, Pears, 

Snap beans, Peaches, 

Butter-beans, Blackberries, 

Corn, Apples. 



Quince, 
Blackberry, 
Grape, 
Currant, 



Pears, 

Peaches, 

Cherry, 



Jellies 

Apple, 

Cherry, 

Plum. 

Preserves 

Strawberry, 
Blackberry, 
Plum. 



Pickle. 

Cucumber (sweet and sour). 
Pear, Tomato, 

Peach, Mixed. 

Candy. 

Peppermint, 
Nut candy. 



Chocolate, 
Cocoanut, 

Meats 

Fried chicken. 

Roast beef, about four pounds, 

Roast lamb, about four pounds. 

Pie 

Two-crust pie of any Kind. 
Graded Sweet Potato Pudding. 

22 



DOMESTIC ART 



Machine-made shirt-waist. 
Hand-embroidered, hand-made shirt- 
waist. 
Rag rug. 

Drawn work bureau scarf. 
Sofa pillow cover. 
Hand-made Jabot. 
Three button-holes in cotton cloth. 
Darned hose. 

Patch on striped material. 
Hand-made, housework apron. 



Doll bed outlit. 

Dressed doll. 

Hemstitched handkerchief. 

Hand-made patchwork Crlico 

quilt. 
Embroidered center piece. 
Yard of crocheted lace. 
Embroidered belt and collar. 
Hand-made corset cover. 
Crocheted collar and Jabot. 



bed 



MANUAL TRAINING 



Plain mission book shelves. 

Axe handle. 

Farm rake. 

Shop-made hoe. 

Shuck door-mat. 

Picture-frame — containing picture 

of own selection. 
White oak split basket. 
Willow lunch basket. 
Ladies' work basket of broom sed 

corn splits or corn shucks. 
Short-handle broom. 
Long-handle broom. 
Kitchen table. 
Hat tree. 
Bracket shelf. 
Ironing board. 
Plank drag. 
Wagon jack. 
Corn shocker. 



Flower stand. 

Coat hanger. 

^Medicine cabinet. 

Window board. 

Dish drainer. 

Set of utensils — butter paddle, po- 
tato masher and rolling pin. 

Wooden sled. 

Rabbit trap. 
?e,^liniature bedstead. 

^Miniature boat. 

Bird box. 

Hatchet handle. 

Book case. 

Writing table. 

Miniature wagon. 

Split-bottom chair. 

Miniature set of garden tools — rake, 
spade, hoe and pick. 



ATHLETICS 



lUO-yard dash. 
220-yard dash. 
4 4 0-yard dash. 
880-yard dash. 
Hurdles. 
Running 
Standing 
Running 
Standing 



high jump, 
high jump, 
broad jump, 
broad jump. 



Throwing baseball. 
Shot-put. 
Shoe race. 
Potato race. 
Three-legged race. 
Pole vault. 
Relay race. 
Pickaback race. 

23 



GENERAL. RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING, IN ALL DE- 
PARTMENTS, THE ANNUAIj exhibition OF THE 

COUNTY SCHOOL FAIR, ADOPTED BY THE SCHOOL FAIR COM- 
AHTTEE IN MEETING ASSEMBLED. 

Directions should be carefully followed, for tlie rules will be 
strictly enforced. 

1. The 191 — Annual Exhibition of the • County School Fair 

will be held in at on . 

2. Exhibits must be sent prepaid, to , Va., between the 

morning of and the evening of (date should be 

third and second days before the Fair). No exhibit will be received after 



3. Exhibits will be judged by expert judges, unacquainted with tlie 

school pupils, on when no one but the officials and judges will 

be admitted to the Exhibition Hall. This rule is for the purpose of securing 
competent, undisturbed and impartial judging. 

4. No article that has ever been exhibited at a County 

School Fair may be sent in the second time for exhibition in any depart- 
ment. 

5. A"o article ivill be accepted unless competitor^ sends in a written re- 
port, where a report is required. 

6. A copy of the proper score card as given in catalogue, with the valu- 
ations left blank must be securely fastened by exhibitor to each article 
sent in. 

7. In estimating cost, the work of a pupil must be valued at 10 cents 
per hour and the work of a horse at 5 cents per hour. 

S. A standard of excellence will be fixed by the judges in the various 
departments, and no work showing carelessness in preparation, even if there 
is no competition, will be given the prize offered. The decision of the judges 
shall be tinal. 

* 9. Competitors are divided into three classes, to-wit: 

Class A — Pupils from 7 to 10, inclusive. 

Class B — Pupils from 11 to 13. inclusive. 

Class C — Pupils from 14 to 20, inclusive. 
Age is to be determined by actual age on day of School Fair. Pupils may 
compete for prizes in any classes more advanced than those to ichich they 
belong, but they cannot compete in classes less advanced. 

10. Competitors must be pupils of school age in regular standing in 

some school of the county of during the session of 191 — 191 — , or 

the fall term of 191—. 

Reports, compositions, or other papers must not show upon their face 
by whom written, and articles must not show upon their face by whom pre- 
pared, but each must be accompanied by a sealed envelope addressed to the 
School Fair Committee containing exact form of the Entry Sheet given be- 
low, fully filled out. 

When the Committee receives the article and Entry Sheet they shall 
enter the competitor's name on entry book kept for that purpose, under 
the proper department, and shall give them a certain number. Different 
numbers shall be given for each entry. The Committee shall then fill out 

a duplicate tag which shall give Exhibitor's No. , Department , 

Class , Entry . One part of this duplicate tag shall be fast- 
ened to the article, and the other part shall be isisued to the exhibitor to 
be held by him as a receipt. At the close of the Fair the exhibitor shall 
present the tag to the Committee in charge and receive his entry. 

For further informafton, apply to Division Superintendent or other 
members of School Fair Committee. 



* There should be at least three classes. Where the schools are graded, 
it is often advisable to have as many classes as there are grades. 

24 



Entry Sheet 



COUNTY SCHOOL FAIR PRIZE COMPETITION DEPARTMENT 



Department Class 

To the County School Fair Committee: 

I desire to enter the accompanying article for tlie prize offered the pub- 
lic school pupils of this county for the best in Class . 

I certify, upon my honor, that I have received no assistance in the 

preparation of this except so far as expressly permitted by 

the printed rules given in the County School Fair Catalogue of 

191 — , and that it has never been exhibited at a former County 

School Fair. 

( Signature ) 

(Age) 

(School) 

( School District ) 

Teacher, 



I hereby certify that , whose name is signed to the Entry 

Sheet above, was a pupil in regular standing in School, in 

■ District, of which I am teacher, during the school term 

of : is years of age; and that the which he 

is entering was prepared, to the best of my knowledge, by him without 
assistance, except so far as expressly permitted by the printed rules given 

in the County School Fair Catalogue of 191 — , and that it has 

never been exhibited at a former County School Fair. 

Given under my hand this day of , 191 — . 

Teacher of 

School. 



25 



Instructions for Preparing County School 

Fair Work 



LITERARY WORK 

In this Department, information and oral instruction from others may 
be received only in practice work. The work offered in competition must 
be original, and must be done without assistance, except as stated above. 

Original Compositions and Letters. 

All compositions must be in the pupil's own language, written with ink 
on one side only of single letter-sheet size paper (about 8x10 inches). The 
sheets must be fastened together securely at the top and left unfolded. 

Kodak illustrations called for need not be work of competitor, but must 
photograph the real conditions before and after improvement of subject of 
photograph. 

Letters must be in the pupil's own language, written with ink on cor- 
rect size and style of paper for social correspondence, and must be properly 
folded and enclosed in an envelope, correctly addressed, and signed with 
the fictitious names selected by competitor. 

Score Card For Compositions and Letters. 

Spelling, neatness and penmanship 20 points 

Correct form 50 points 

Originality of thought and style of expression 30 points 

100 points 
The length of compositions must be within the following limits: 
Class C — Not less than .500 nor more than 1,000 words. 
Class B — Not less than 300 nor more than 600 words. 
Class A — Not less than 100 nor more than 200 words. 

Score Card for Compositions Requiring Kodak Ielustrations. 

Improvement shown by kodak illustrations 50 points 

Spelling, neatness and penmanship 15 points 

Correct form 20 points 

Originality of thought and style of expression 15 points 

100 points 

SUGGESTIONS AS TO SOME OF THE SIKJECTS FOR ORIGINAL 

COMPOSITIONS, 

These Suggestions Are Not Conditions of the Contest 

**The Native Trees of County," etc. 

Consider the cultivation of forest trees as a profitable crop, through 
judicious cutting and re-planting, and their preservation from their enemies. 
Read about the "Black Forest" of Germany. 

26 



"Hou We lieautifieil Our Scliool (jirouiuls," etc. 

lu planning the work of improving sthool grounds, attention is called 
to the decorative value of the native wild llowers, ferns, vines, shrubs and 
trees. The best of the flowers bloom during the spring and fall school 
terms. When once rooted and at home, they will bloom on year after year 
with the minimum of care. Beginning with the trailing arbutus, bluets and 
violets of early spring, our woods and fields and swamps yield a continuous 
crop of beautiiul things — dogwood and pink honeysuckle, mountain ivy, the 
Indian pink daisy, buttercup, snap-dragon, columbine and golden-rod, wild 
roses and asters, sumac, Scotch broom, Virginia creeper, and scores of 
others — some suited to every soil and location. Skilfully transplanted, artis- 
tically arranged and kindly protected, they make hedges and borders that 
would transform the most barren school grounds into a place of rare 
beauty. 

Add to your school library "How to Know the Wild Flowers"' and "How- 
to Know the Ferns." 

"Across Our Country in a Pullman Car." 

Tell the interesting incidents of your trip and describe the country 
passed through on an imaginary journey, by a real railroad route, from 
Norfolk, Va., to San Francisco, Cal. 

"Lecture From Family Doctor," etc. 

Imagine what your doctor, an up-to-date physician, would tell you to do 
in order to be as neat as the neatest person you ever saw, and in order to 
keep your body and surroundings in condition to prevent disease — colds in 
the head and throat, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, etc., etc. 

DliAWING 

In competition for prizes offered for Best Drawing of Farm House and 
Out-BuilcUngs, each competitor must: 

1. Send in for exhibition the following drawings, made upon cross-sec- 
tion paper, SxS to one inch, which can be bought of any stationer. Draw- 
ings must show points of compass — the top north. 

(a) Drawing to scale of 1-16-inch to foot, showing general lay-out of 
residence and buildings with relation to each other. 

(b) Drawing, to scale of 1-4-inch to foot, showing detail floor plan for 
residence and out-buildings. 

(c) Drawing, to scale of 1-4-inch to foot, showing front elevation of 
residence and out-buildings. 

2. Send in written report, giving detailed description of buildings 
planned, and recommending proper arrangements for ridding the place, out- 
side and in, of flies and mosciuitoes. 

Score Car» fob Drawing 

Relation of out-houses to residence and to each other 15 points 

Relation of rooms, porches and out-buildings to point of compass, 20 points 

Architectural beauty 15 points 

Economy of space 15 points 

Convenience 20 points 

Written report 15 points 

100 points 



3L1PS 

Soil Map of County 

Each competitor must: 

1. Send in a soil map of county, made to a scale of 1-2-inch 

to a mile, with colored crayons. 

2. Draw parallels and meridians and mark county boundaries. 

3. Put in water courses, cities, towns and railroads. 

The information necessary may be gotten from "Soil Survey of 

county, Virginia," published by the United States Agricultural Department. 

Political Map of Virginia 

Each competitor must: 

Send in, for exhioition, a map of Virginia, drawn on paper ^2x28 inches, 
the counties done in colored; crayons, showing latitude and longitude, prin-. 
cipal rivers, mountains, cities, railroads and congressional districts. 

Physical Map of North America 

Each competitor must: 

Send in, for extiibition, a map of North America, drawn on regulation, 
S 1-2x11 1-2-inch, drawing paper. 

Use a soft, black lead pencil, modeling the map so as to sliow the prin- 
cipal mountain ranges, plateaux, and the slope of the land to the main 
water courses. 

Map of United States 

Each competitor must: 

Send in, for exhibition, a map of United States, with States colored 
with crayons, showing latitude, longitude, principal rivers, capitals and 
chief cities, principal crops and animals. 

Score Card of Maps 



100 points 

SPELLING 

Two spelling contests will be held on the day of the fair. Pupils from 
7 to 13, inclusive (Classes A and B), shall compete in one contest, and those 
from 14 to 20, inclusive (Class C), shall compete in the other. Each school 
shall be entitled to send one representative for each contest, same to be 
chosen by a preliminary competitive contest. 

The words given out to Classes A and B -for the first half -hour will be 
taken from Sheppes Primary Speller; thereafter, from a specially prepared 
list of difficult words. 

The words given out to Class C will be, for the first half-hour, taken 
from Sheppes Advanced Speller, or Payne's "vVords Difficult to Spell: there- 
after, from a list specially prepared of difficult words. 

Pupils not in place when their respective classes begin will not be 
allowed to compete. 

38 



DECLAMATION 

A Declamation contest will be held on the night of the fair. Each school 
will be entitled to one representative, same to be selected by preliminary 
competitive contest. Time limit for each declamation shall be not less than 
three nor more than ten mintues. 



AGRICULTURE 



In those counties that have farm demonstrators the work of the agri- 
cultural department of the school fair is usually under their direction. The 
pupils competing for the various prizes offered in this department should 
seek advice from them. 

Soil, climate and other conditions vary so much in different sections 
of Virginia that it would not be wise to give general rules for raising vari- 
ous crops for the whole State. If there is no demonstrator the contestants 
should consult the most successful farmers in their neighborhood, and write 
to the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, and State Demon- 
strator, T. O. Sandy, Eurkeville, Va., for bulletins and further advice. 

As the Eoys' Corn Club work is so general throughout the State we 
give below the regulations the boy should follow in this contest and some 
suggestions for raising good corn. 

The IMan for School Boys' Corn Clubs Given by T. O. Handy, State 
Agent for Farmers' Co-oi)erative l)eill<)n.str^ltion Work. 

A measured acre, four thousand eight hundred and forty square yards, 
is the standard, nothing more or less. Each boy is required to do the work 
himself, and to keep an accurate account of expenses. Figure actual cost 
of fertilizer at market price. The use of a horse at the rate of one dollar 
per day or 10 cents an hour and the boy's work at the rate of 50 cents a 
day, or 5 cents an hour. After harvest, a written statement must be given 
of how the crop was grown. The corn must be measured, not weighed. 
This must be oone by two disinterested and intelligent parties and an affi- 
davit made and signed before a notary or justice and sent to the Local or 
District Agent, of the Farmers' Co-operative Demonstration Work in charge 
of said county or District Superintendent. The certificate of measurement 
of the land and of the corn must be accompanied by the crop report. 

The following method is advised. Good: deep plowing (subsoil red clay 
land, if possible. On well-drained, loamy land subsoiling is not necessary). 
When manure can be had use broadcast, from ten to twelve two-horse 
wagon loads to the acre, which should be thoroughly worked into the soil, 
preferably by discing. 

To meet conditions, any of the following fertilizers and amounts may 
be used. 

(1) 500 pounds pure raw bone to the acre. 

(2) 250 potmds of pure raw bone and 350 pounds of IG per cent, acid 
phosphate to the acre. 

(3> 700 poimds of 16 per cent, phosphate to the acre. 

Note — Where there has been no manure used or ciover fallow, a com- 
plete fertilizer, 8 3 3 goods, 500 lbs. per acre is recommended. 

A deep, fine seed bed is urged. Good seed corn must be secured. Rows 
must be laid off three feet and ten inches apart. The distance in the step 
must depend upon the strength of the land. 

Corn should be worked level and shallow\ Cutivators must run every 
ten days, also after each rain, to keep a dust mulch on the land. The culti- 
vation must continue until earing time. 

Note — Additional amount of fertilizer can be used if desired. 

29 



A suggestion, but not a requirement, is to use 1,000 or 1,500 pounds of 
agricultural lime to the acre. This should be applied broadcast, and harrowed 
in lightly, as early as possible after the land is plowed. If lime has been 
used, manure or fertilizer should not be applied under ten days after. Fall 
and winter plowing is highly recommended. 

COXDITIONS l^OR CORX COXTEST. 

Cultivate, unaided, one acre (4,840 square yards), no more or less in 
corn. 1st — Use pure seed corn for planting; 2nd — Send in, for exhibition, 
ten ears raised on the acre, selecting carefully the ears which will count 
highest according to score card given below\ The largest ears are not 
always the best. 3rd — Prepare corn for exhibition by removing all shucks, 
silk and the stem from the ear, being careful not in any way to mutilate 
the ear itself. Bad grains must not be removed. The ears must be care- 
fully handled that no grains be knocked off. In judging, all missing grains 
will be regarded as mixed or bad grains, and count against exhibitor. Wrap 
each ear in paper or other protection and pack firmly for transportation to 
the exhibition hall. 4th — Send in a written report covering the following 
points: 

(a) The kind of soil in which seed was planted. 

(b) Planting — Date, number of seed planted in the hill, distance be- 
tween the hills, distance between the rows. 

(c) Cultivation — How often cultivated and with what tools. 

(d) Yield and Value of Crop — (1) Number of bushels of shucked corn, 
value of same; (2) Quality and value of feed produced (fodder and 
shucks). 

(e) Expense in raising the Corn — (1) Cost of seed; (2) Value of work 
by competitor, charging 50 cents per day or five cents per hour for his 
work; (3) Cost of work of horse to raise the crop, allowing $1 per day or 
10 cents per hour; (4) All other expense; (5) Amount of loss or gain in 
raising the crop, allowing the prevailing market price for corn and fodder. 

(/) State what learned by competitor in raising crop. 

In Awarding Prizes The Following Basis Shall Be Used 

(a) Greatest yield per acre value 30 points 

(ft) Best exhibit of ten ears value 20 points 

(c) Best written report value 20 points 

(d) Best showing of profit on investment value 30 points 

Score Carj) for Ears Exhibited 

Name uf Variety 

Uniformity of ears in size and shape, indentation, and color 

of grain, and in color of cob value 10 points 

Shape of ears value 10 points 

Color of cob and grain value 10 points 

Market condition value 10 points 

Tips of ears value 5 points 

Butts of ears value 5 points 

Uniformity and shape of grain value 10 points 

Space between grains value 5 points 

Weight value 15 points 

Written report value 20 points 

Suggestions for Raising Corn 

Work often enough to keep down weeds and grass and keep soil from 
packing. 

30 



Cultivate as soon after a rain as the ground is workable, to keep the 
moisture from escaping. Depth and frequency of cultivation should vary 
with the seasons. The deepest cultivation should be done at first when 
there are few roots to be injured. Cultivation should become shallower 
and less frequent as the season advances. It is desirable for the plant to 
develop as many surface feeding roots as possible. 



FLOWERS AND NATURE STUDY 



Perns 

All competitors for prizes offered for ferns, or cut or growing flowers 
must send in report describing method of culture, except those in Class A. 
Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Fern or Best Asparagus Fern 
must send in for exhibition one potted fern. The two classes will be judged 
separately. 

ScoKE Card for Perns 

Number of good fronds (Fern), or 

Number of good tendrils (Asparagus Fern ) 60 points 

Relation of size of Fern to size of pot 30 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Cut Chrysanthemuin.s 

Each competitor for prize for Best Dozen Cut Chrysanthemums must 
send in one dozen Chrysanthemums, all of the same variety. 

Score Card for Chrysanthemums 

Perfection and size of flowers 50 points 

Perfection and development of foliage 20 points 

Length of stem 20 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Dahlias 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Dozen Cut Dahlias must 
send in one dozen cut dahlias of different varieties. 

Score Card for Dahlias 

Variety 30 points 

Quality and condition of flowers 60 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Potted Chrysanthemums — Bush Form 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Potted Chrysanthemum — 
Bush Form., must send in one potted Chrysanthemum, with sufficient num- 
ber of well-formed blossoms to make the plant desirable for the yard. 

31 



ScoKE Card fob Brsii Chrysanthemums 

Perfection and number of well-developed flowers 50 points 

Perfection and development of foliage 20 points 

Relation of size of plant to size of pot 20 points 

Written report 10 points 



100 points 



Potted Chrysaiitheniuins — Largest Flowers 



Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Potted Chrysanthemums, ivith 
Largest Floucrs, must send in one plant with not less than three large 
flowers. 

Score Caru for Larcje Flowered Potted Chrysaxtfiemum 

Size, number and perfection of flowers 50 points 

Length of stem and perfection of foliage 20 points 

Relation of size of plant to size of jar 20 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Potted Geraniiiins 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Potted Geranium must send 
in, for exhibition, one potted Geranium, with either single or double flowers, 
any color. 

Score Card for Geraniums 

Perfection of foliage 40 points 

Number, quality and condition of flowers 40 points 

Relation of plant to size of pot 10 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Pressed Native AA'ild Flowers 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Collection of Pressed Native 
Wild Floivers must send in, for exhibition, a collection for Pressed Native 
Wild Flowers. Each specimen must be mounted on cardboard, 6x8 inches, 
by pasting flap with tips of mucilage, the stems held in place by firmly 
pasted strips of paper, and must be accompanied by a written description 
of the root, stem, leaves and blossom, and a statement giving the common 
name by which known and telling when and where found. 

Competitor must also send in a written recommendation as to the best 
method for saving our choice wild flowers from extinction by ruthless gath- 
ering, etc., as for example: trailing arbutus. 

Score Card for Pressed Wild Flow^ers 

Number of correctly-named specimens 40 points 

Perfection of specimens 20 points 

Manner of mounting 20 points 

Written Work 20 points 

100 points 
32 



Pressed Leaves 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Collection of Pressed Leaves 
from Native Trees must send in a collection of leaves, in which there shall 
be no two from the same variety of tree. Leaves from shrubs must not be 
included. The collection must be accompanied by a written statement 
attached to each specimen, giving name of tree and stating where and on 
what kind of land it grows best. 

Score Card kok Pressed Leaves 

Number of correctly-named specimens 40 points 

Perfection of specimens 20 points 

Manner of mounting 20 points 

Written work 20 points 

100 points 

Record of Migratory Birds 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Record of Migratory Birds 
of County must begin in February to keep a record of the migratory birds 
observed by him at his station, according to the form required by the 
"migration schedule" prepared by the Bureau of Biological Survey of the 
United States Department of Agriculture, a copy of which will be fur- 
nished by the Department to every teacher in county. Pupils must 

observe and record the birds seen from day to day until the close of the 
spring migration, in June. 

All who have made creditable observations and records, sliould, on or 
before ihe 1.5th day of July, apply to the Division Superintendent for a 
migration schedule upon which to transfer their record. Tlie Department, 
at Washington, has promised to furnisli blank forms for good records, with 
the understanding that the records are to be sent to the School Fair, and 
from thence sent back to the Department for use there. 

Score Card for Making Schedules 

Variety of birds observed 50 points 

Accuracy of record 50 points 

100 points 
The most difficult part of this work is to identify the birds correctly — 
to distinguish between knoiving a bird and guessing at its name. The win- 
ter is the best time for laying this foundation. Tlie number of species then 
present is not great andi m-ost of them, except the small brown sparrows, 
are so very different in looks that there should not be much trouble in 
identifying them or in making out a description sufficiently accurate to 
allow of its recognition by any one who is acquainted with the common 
birds. 

When tlie winter birds are known, one can deal intelligently with the 
other species as they arrive in the spring. 

For identification. Chapman's "Bird Life" is recommended. It is pub- 
lished by D. Appleton & Co.. New York City, for $2, and will make a valu- 
able addition to anv school library. 



33 



DOMESTIC SCIENCE 



In this Department, assistance may be received only in practice work. 
The article exhibited must be the product of exhibitor's unaided effort. 
Sealed envelope containing entry sheet should be tied to jars or cans of 
good^, or to the cakes and pies, etc., then they will be removed and a 
duplicate given. 

Pound of Butter 

In competition for prizes offered for Best Pound of Butter, each com- 
petitor must — 

1. Send in, for exhibition, one pound of fresh butter, not more than 
four days old, printed, or shaped in a round ball, and wrapped in a clean, 
damp, white cloth, or damp butter-paper with a label stating date of churn- 
ing. The milk must be from one cow only. 

2. Send in report covering the following points: 

(a) Date of churning for exhibition butter. 

(b) Breed of cow from which butter was made, description of her stall 
or stable, with especial reference to cleanliness — the bedding used, food, 
health. 

(c) The number of milkings, and quantity of milk obtained, for com- 
petitor's butter making; when milked, and how much butter obtained there- 
from. 

{(l) Process of making the butter — whether milk or cream was churned. 
If cream, whether from deep or shallow setting, or from separator. 

(e) How old and in what condition milk or cream when churned. 

if) How milk or cream cared for — where, and in what kind of vessels 
kept— how strained — temperature at which churned. 

(g) Vessels and utensile used for working and churning. 

(h) How butter worked and salted, and amount of salt used to pound 
of butter. 

(i) How milk and butter utensils cared for and kept clean. 

(j) Value of milk used. 

(fc) Number and value of hours of labor spent in making butter. 

(I) Estimated number of pounds of butter which might have been made 
with the same labor. 

(m) Total cost of butter. 

(n) Total market value of butter. 

Score Carh for Bitter. 

Taste 25 points 

Grain and keeping qualities 25 points 

Color 15 points 

Firmness and form of roll 15 points 

Manner in which prepared for exhibition 10 points 

Written report K) points 

100 points 

SUGGESTIOXS FOR MaKIXG GOOD Bl TTER. 

The cow must be healthy and her surroundings clean and well kept. 
Milk should be strained twice, using clean, damp cloths. 

The utmost care must be given to keeping clean the place where milk 
and butter are kept, as well as all utensils and other things used in 

34 



foniiection therewith. The best test of cleanliness is absence of disagree- 
able odors. 

Milk utensils should be first rinsed in cold water, then washed in 
hot suds or soda water, rinsed in hot water, and, when possible, sunned. 

Wooden bowls and iiaddles are best for butter-making. These, and the 
churn, should, before using, be scalded and then chilled with cold water. 

Cream which is to be churned should be kept near the temperature 
of spring water (from .52 to 60 degrees P.). Milk may be warmer. MilK 
thermometers may be obtained at small cost (about 13 cents) from almost 
any large department store. 

Wash butter fiuickly through two waters, weigh and add one ounce 
of salt to each pound; work slightly and let stand from six to twenty- 
four hours, then work out all the water. 

Write to Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, for Farmers' 
Bulletins Nos. .57 and 63, giving valuable information about butter-making. 

Biea<l 

In competition for prizes offered for Best Loaf of Bread, each competi- 
tor must — 

1. Exhibit a loaf of bread made in accordance with the following speci- 
fications: 

(a) The materials used must be — 

For yeast bread: White flour, granulated sugar, firm white lard, 

yeast, salt, water. 
For salt-rising bread. The ingredients called: for by your recipe. 
( h ) The bread must be baked the day before it is sent to the Fair for 
exhibition. (Several loaves may be made and the best selected.) 

2. Send in written report covering the following points: 
(a) Brand of flour used. 

(h) Kind of yeast used in yeast bread. 

(c) The amount and cost of each of the materials used. 

(fl) How mixed and set to rise — number of times set to rise before 
liaking. for how long and at about what temi)ei"ature. 

(e) Baking of loaf — time, and at about what temperature of oven. 

(/) Care aftei- baking. 

(jii Number of hours of lalor consumed in making and caring for 
loaf. 

(7?) Value of labor per hour. 

(i) Total cost of loaf. 

(/) Estimated number of loaves which could l)e made in the time con- 
sumed in making one. 

(k) Recipe used in making salt-rising bread. 

ScoKE Card for Eke ad. 

Flavor, taste, odor 40 i)oints 

Texture of crumb: Lightness, doughiness, (olor, moisture 35 points 

Texture of crust : Color, hardness 10 points 

Form of loaf 5 points 

Written report 10 points 

liMt points 
Stt.gksttoxs for M.mcixo Cioon Ye.\st Bread. 

Good yeast is essential. 

Bread should rise three times — 

First rising — the batter, using one-third of the flour. 

Second rising — the dough, working in the rest of the flour. 

Third — the loaves before they are baked. 



All measurements must be level. Heap the material up, being careful 
not to pack, and then push off all above the top of the measure. 

Yeast thrives best in an even temperature of from 70 degrees to 90 
dQgrees — never warmer than new milk. Cold numbs the yeast so that 
it does not rise well. Hot water, or too hot a place by the stove, kills the 
yeast. 

Farmers' Bulletins Nos. 112 and 249, giving much helpful information 
about bread making, may be obtained by writing to the Department of 
Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 

Soda Biscuit 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Soda Biscuit must send 
in for exhibition six soda biscuits made and baked by herself. 

Score Card for Soda Biscuit. 

Lightness ^5 pomts 

Baking ^5 points 

Taste 1^5 points 

Appearance ^5 points 

100 paints 

Suggestions for Making Good Soda Biscuits. 
(From Harrisonhurg Norjtial School Bulletin.) 

One quart flour, one teaspoon soda, two teaspoons salt, two to luree 
tablespoons lard, about one and one-half cups buttermilk. 

Mix as for baking powder biscuit, except that the dough is a little 
stiffer and is made a little smoother. Roll one-quarter to three-eighths 
inches thick. Cut, and bake in a hot oven. 

When a biscuit looks yellow and smells of soda lessen the quantity 
at the next making. 

Sometimes a teaspoon of baking powder is used in soda biscuit, but 
this is not necessary when the soda is good. 

Soda bought in packages seems to be better than that which is "loose." 

Pie 

Each competitor for the prizes offered for Best Pie of Any Kind must 
send in a written report covering the following points: 
(a) Brand of flour and kind of shortening used. 
(&) Quantity and cost of each of the materials used. 

(c) Method of mixing and cooking pastry and filling. 

(d) Care after cooking. 

(e) Time spent and its value, per hour. 

(f) Estimated number of pies which could be made in time consumed 
in making one. 

(g) Total cost of pie. 

Score Card for Pie. 

Crispness and flakiness of pastry 50 points 

Appearance 15 points 

Flavor and consistency of filling 25 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 
36 



Cakes 

Each competitor tor the prizes offered for Best Pound Cake must ex- 
hibit a cake made in accordance with the following specifications: 

(n) The materials must be: Butter, granulated sugar, eggs, white flour 
and flavoring. 

(b) The cake must be baked the day before it is sent to the School 
Fair for exhibition and must not be iced. 

Each competitor for the prizes offered for Best Cup Cake must exhibit 
a cake made in accordance with the following specifications: 

(ft) The loaf must be baked in a half-pound cake mould. 

(b) The materails must be: Butter, granulated sugar, eggs, milk, white 
flour, baking powder and flavoring. 

(c) The cake must be baked the day before it is sent to the School 
Fair for exhibition and must not be iced. 

All exhibitors in the cake competition, except in Class A, must send 
in a written report covering the following points: 
((/) Brand of flour used. 
(h) Brand of baking powder used, 
(c) Brand of flavoring used. 

id) Amount and cost of each of the materials used in making the cake, 
(e) How the materials are prepared for mixing and how mixed. 
(/) How the mould is prepared before the cake batter is put in it. 
(g) Baking of cake — time and at what temperature of oven. 
(h) Care after baking. 

(i> Time consumed in making and baking. 
(j) Value of labor per hour. 
(k) Total cost of cake. 
(I) In cup cake contest state brand of baking powder used. 

Score C.\Rn for .Jttdging C.\ke. 

Flavor, taste, odor :!0 points 

Texture of crumb: Lightness, porousness, color, moisture 30 points 

Texture of crust: Color, hardness 15 points 

Appearance of cake: Shape, unbroken surface 15 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Suggestions for Making Goon Cake. 

Butter must be sweet and flrm; sugar must be fine granulated; eggs 
must be fresh: flour must be white and dry; milK must be sweet. 

All measurements must be level. Heap the material up, being care- 
ful not to pack, and then push off all above the top of the measure. 

Canned Fruits 

Each competitor for prizes offered for the Best Can of Fruit must — 

1. Send in for exhibition one-quart glass jar of canned fruit. Peaches 
canned with the seed will not be accepted. 

2. Send in written report covering the following points: 

(a) Itemized statement of quantity and value of material used. 
(h) Vessels and appliances used in canning. 
(c) Preparation of fruit. 
((/) Method of canning. 

(e) Number and value of hours of labor spent. 

(f) Estimated number of cans of fruit which might have been canned 
with same labor. 

(g) Total cost. 

.37 



Score Card iok Caxnkd Pkaciiks and Pears. 

Condition of fruit 50 points 

Clearness 2'» points 

Appearance in jar '^0 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 



Jellies 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Glass Jelly must — 

1. Send in, for exhibition, one glass of jelly, made by her, without as- 
sistance. 

2. Send in a written report covering the following points: 

(a) Quantity of sugar to pound of fruit. 

(b) Kind of vessel in which made. 

(c) Length of time cooked. 

(d) Method of preparation of fruit. 

(e) Value and quantity of materials. 

(/) Number and value of hours of labor spent. 

(g) Estimated number of glasses of jelly which might have been made 
with same labor. 
{h) Total cost. 

Score Card for .Tklmes. 

Consistency 3a points 

Clearness 35 points 

Flavor 20 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Preserves 

Each competitor for the prizes offered for Best Quart of Preserves 
must — 

1. Send in for exhibition one-quart glass jar of preserves, made with- 
out assistance. 

2. Send in a written report covering the following points: 

(a) Quantity of sugar to pound of fruit. 

(b) Kind of vessel in which made, 
(c). Length of time cooked. 

id) Method of preparation of fruit and syrup. 

(e) Value of materials. 

(f) Number of hours of labor, 
(fir) Value of labor per hour. 
ih) Total cost. 

Score Card for Juhging Peach Preserves. 

Firmness, tenderness and clearness of fruit 40 points 

Consistency of syrup 25 points 

Appearance of fruit in jar 15 points 

Flavor 10 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

38 



Scoitic Caki) ioi{ Judging Stbawbekry Pkeskkves. 

Firmness, tendei-ness and clearness of fruit 25 points 

Consistency of syrup 20 poinis 

Appearance in jar 25 points 

Flavor 20 points 

Written report lU points 

100 po:nts 

Pickles 

Eachi competitor for tlie prizes offered for Best Quart of Pickle must — 

1. Send in for extiibition one quart glass jar of pickle made by her 
without assistance. 

2. Send in a written report covering the following points: 

(a) Quantity and kind of materials used. 

(b) Kind of vessel in which made. 

(c) Length of time cooked. 

(d) Method of preparation of fruit or vegetable and syrup. 

(e) Value of materials. 

(/) Number of hours of labor. 
ig) Value of labor per hour. 
(h) Total cost. 

ScoKK Card for Sweet and Sour Cucumber Pickle. 

Cucumbers must be from 1 to 2 inches in length. 

Flavor 50 points 

Crispness 15 points 

Appearance in jar 15 points 

Color 10 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Score Card for Peach Pickle. 

Flavor 50 points 

Firmness and tenderness 15 points 

Appearance in jar 15 points 

Consistency of syrup 10 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 
School Lunch 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best School Ltineh must send 
in, for exhibition, a school lunch prepared for one person. 

Score Card for School Luxch. 

Selection of materials 20 points 

Arrangement 20 points 

General appearance 20 points 

Quality 20 points 

Quantity 20 points 

, 100 points 



DOMESTIC ART 



In this department, instruction and assistance may be received in prac- 
tice work only, except where otherwise specifically provided, and the article 
exhibited must be the product of the exhibitor's unaided effort. 

(See General Rules and Regulations for form of certificate and other 
conditions.) 

Machine Made Shirtwaist 

Each competitor for the prizes offered for Best Machine-Made Shirt-Waist 
must: 

1. Send in, for exhibition, a machine-made, tailored shirt-waist or 
blouse, of a size to fit herself, made of suitable white material and laun- 
dered. All the work of making and laundering must be done by competitor, 
unaided, except that advice and assistance in fitting may be obtained from 
some one of experience. 

2. Send in written report covering the following points: 
(a) Name, quality and price of material used. 

(&) Number and market value of hours of labor spent in making and 
laundering waist. 

(c) Total cost of waist. 

id) How material was used. 

(e) Process of laundering. 

(/) How waist was folded. 

(By writing to Proctor & Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio, you can get a free 
booklet on laundering.) 

Score Card for MACHiNE-MAiOE Shirtwaist. 

Selection of material 10 points 

Making — 

Buttonholes and buttons 1.5 points 

Finishing seams 20 points 

Cuffs and cuff placket 20 points 

( 55 points 

Laundering 25 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 
Hand-Made, Hand-Embroidered Shirtwai.st 

Each competitor for prizes offered for the Best Hand-Made, Hand-Em- 
hroidered Shirtwaist, must: 

1. Send in, for exhibition, a hand-made shirtwaist or blouse, of a size 
to fit herself, made of white material, suitable to be embroidered and laun- 
dered. It must be trimmed with hand-embroidery. No other trimming per- 
mitted, except a simple edge, where desired. Ail the work of making, em- 
broidering and laundering must be done by competitor, unaided, except 
that advice and assistance in fitting may be obtained from some one of ex- 
perience. 

2. Send in written report covering the following points: 
(o) Name, quantity and price of material used. 

(&) Number and market value of hours used in making, embroidering 
and laundering waist, given separately, 
fc) Total cost of waist. 

40 • 



(d) Sewing and embroidery stitches used. 

(e) How material was used. 
(/) Process of laundering. 
(ff) How waist was folded. 

Score Card fob Hand-Made, Hand-Bmbroidrbed Shirtwaist. 

Selection of material 10 points 

Making — 

Neatness of sewing 15 points 

Regularity of stitches 10 points 

Use of proper stitch 25 points 

Embroidery 25 points 

65 points 

Design and general appearance 15 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Rag Rug 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Rag Rug must send in, for 
exhibition, one rag rug, and a written report covering the following points: 

1. Material used — land and quality. 

2. Method of making. 

3. Time consumed in making. 

4. Value of material. 

5. Number and value of hours of labor spent in making rug 

6. Total cost. 

Score Card for Rag Rug. 

Durability 30 points 

Beauty of design 30 points 

Utilization of otherwise waste material 30 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Bureau Scarf 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Drawn Work Bureau Scarf 
must send in, for exhibition, one white bureau scarf decorated only by 
drawn work, and a written report covering the following points: 

(a) Number of hours of labor spent in making scarf. 

(b) Quantity of material used. 

(c) Cost of material used. 

(d) Total cost. 

Sofa Pillow 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Sofa P-illou: Cover must send 
in one sofa piiiow cover, 18x18 inches in size, com_pleted, ready for a pillow, 
and a written report covering the following points: 

(a) Kind of material used. 

(b) Quantity of material used. 

(c) Hours of labor consumed In making. 

(d) Value of labor per hour. 

(e) Total cost 

41 



ScouK Caki) fok Burkau Scarf and Sofa Pillow. 

Workmanship 25 points 

Beauty of design 25 points 

Relation of workmanship and beauty of design to cost in mate- 
rials and labor 40 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 
Hand-Made Jabot 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Hand-Made Jabot must send 
in one jabot trimmed with crochet lace made oy competitor, and a written 
report covering the following points: 

(a) Material used — quantity and kind. 

(&) Cost of material. 

(c) Number and value of hours of labor consumed. 

((?) Total cost. 

ScoRK Card i^or Haxd-Madf .Jabot. 

Beauty of design o5 points 

Workmanship 35 points 

Relative value of workmanship and design to cost of labor and 

material 20 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Button Holes 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Button Holes must send in 
for exhibition a piece of bleached cotton, unlaundered, upon which has 
been worked three button holes of the same size, and a written report 
giving directions for making good button holes. 

ScoBK Card for Bi'rrox Holes. 

Shape oO points 

Durability 30 points 

Regularity of stitches 30 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Darned Hose 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Darned Hose must send in 
for exhibition, a pair of hose in which two holes have been worn and 
darned, with written directions for neat darning. 

Score Card for Darning. 

Regularity of stitches 45 points 

Connection of stitches to hose 45 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 
Patch 

No. Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Patch on Striped 

Material must send in a piece of striped cotton material which has been 
patched. No written report required. 

42 



ScouK Caki) lOK Patch 

Matching stripes 4U points 

Neatness of corners <^0 points 

Neatness of seams and stitches 30 points 

100 points 

Haiid^Iade HouseAvork Anion 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Hand-Made Housework 
Apron must send in for exhibition a hand-made housework apron made 
according to the following directions: 

Material: White lawn, 27 inches wide, sufficient for two widths the re- 
quired length, plus i/4 yard for bib and pocket. 

Take of the white lawn, enough for two lengths, each three inches 
longer than the skirt, and use the remainder of goods for bib, straps and 
pocket. Take one width, cut off a band three inches wide all the way down 
to be used for straps; then fold the remainder in the center, measure three 
inches off selvage edge at top, graduated to nothing at the bottom— (fig 1). 



3 




Fi«;. 1 



Fig. U 



Take the second width, measure twelve inches from the selvage 
at the top to twelve inches from the opposite selvage edge at the bottom; 
trim off all selvage, and, using the narrow ends of each piece for the top, 
put straight edge of No. 2 to bias edge of No. 1; make a narrow seam on 
right side, using running stitch. Clip these seams closely 1-8 inch deep, 
and turn to wrong side and sew again with running and back stitch; fold 
apron through to center, and trim side gores at the bottom even with the 
center length; hem half-inch down the two sides; turn a two-inch hem, 
using a measure, and baste across the bottom, and then hem it; fold apron 
in half and at the center top of the fold cut off one inch and slope up to 
top of the side hem to prevent wrinkling at the belt. 

Mark off the skirt into fourths; measure the length of belt and put a 
notch about three inches from each end to mark where the skirt is to come; 
divide this space for the skirt into fourths; gather entire skirt with double 
thread and pin it into its place on the belt according to the notches, baste 
and sew on to the belt with back stitch. The belt has now to be turned 
down, basted and hemmed to cover the backstitching described above; ends 
of belt must be whipped (overhand) down and around the ends and finished 
with a buttonhole; the bib is to be hemmed one and one-half inch across 
the top and then put into the straps at the sides just as if they were bind- 
ings: the strains cross in the back and button to buttons placed about two 
and one-half inches from the ends of belt; the straps are to be whipped on 
the turned-in edges the whole length of the strap and across the ends. 

Make pockets having one-inch hem and rounded at the bottom and 
hemmed dow^n to the apron after basting it into i)lace; the size will depend 
upon the size of the apron. 

Apron must not be washed before exhibited, but may be pressed. Send 
in written reports covering the following points: 

(a) Name, quantity and price of material used. 

(b) Number and market value of hours of labor spent in making apron. 

(c) Total cost of apron, including labor. 

43 



Score Card for Housework Aprox 

General appearance and attention to directions 25 points 

Sewing, hemming, whipping, felling, backstitching, buttonholes.. 50 points 

Cleanliness 10 points 

Written report 15 points 

100 points 
No apron received without the written report. 

Doll-Bed Outfit 

Each competitor for prizes for Best Doll-Bed Outfit must exhibit such 
an outfit made according to the following conditions: 

The following material must be used. One-third yard bed-ticking at 
10 or 121.. cents; one-third yard cambric at 10 or I214 cents; one-fourth 
yard solid color outing, 10 or 1211- cents; one spool silkaline matching out- 
ing; 80 thread (white); 50 thread (white).. Stuffing: Cotton batting or 
wool. For the mattress we will first cut two pieces, six by nine inches 
for top and bottom, then we will cut three strips of ticking two inches 
wide, to be sewed together and used for the sides of the mattress, sew the 
long strip of ticking all the way round on side of the top piece of ticking, 
then sew the bottom piece of ticking to the side strips all the way round 
except about three inches; turn the tick and proceed to stuff it carefully, 
filling the corners first; work the stuffing out evenly, with no lump. Then 
turn in the edges of the gap left for filling and sew together by overhand- 

ing; then with a pencil dot five dots on the tick, so — Take 

a big needle with double thread and tack it through and through several 
times; then with a double heavy thread (dark blue sikaline or worsted is 

best) take a long stitch, one-half inch, on the wrong side, like this , 

bringing threads through to top side and tie in a hard knot; then put in 
a second stitch on wrong side, cross first so — X; tie this on top side in 
hard knot; cut off ends about an inch long and press out flat into a circle; 
treat all the dots in the same way. 

Sheets: Take piece of cambric twelve by ten inches; hem sides one- 
eighth inch, hem bottom one-quarter, and top one-half inch hem (SO thread). 

Bolster: Take two pieces of ticking, 6x3 inches, sew up ends and sides, 
every other stitch a back sitch. All ticking to be sewed with 50 thread. 
Turn and stuff and then turn in edges and overhand as in mattress. 

Bolster Slips: Take two pieces of cambric, Sx4 inches, sew end and 
sides, every other stitch a back stitch. Then overcast these seams; finish 
off with a one-half-inch hem. 

Blanket: Cut a piece of outing eight by ten inches; overcast sides 
with thread of same color (cotton thread); finish ends with blanket stitch. 

Score Carp jor Doi.i.-Bed Oitfit. 

General appearance and attention to directions 25 points 

Sewing, hemming, whipping, felling, backstitching, overcasting. . 30 points 

Workmanship on mattress 20 points 

Cleanliness and selection of material, suitability 25 points 

100 points 
Haiul-Embroidered Center Piece 

Each competitor must send in — 

1. A centre piece with either lace or scalloped edge, and with not more 
than two sprays of embroidery, one large (if desired) and one smaller. 

2. Written report — 

(a) Name, quantity and price of material used. 

(b) Number ana market value of time used; total cost. 

(c) Stitches used. 

44 



S(ORK Card rou Hand-Emhkoidered Centkr-Piece 

Written report 30 points 

General appearance — - 

Neatness 15 points 

Stitcties 20 points 

Laundry 15 points 

50 points 

Selection of material 20 points 

100 points 
Embroidered Dutch Collar and Jabot 

Each competitor shall send in — 

1. Hand-embroidered Dutch collar and jabot, made by herself. 

2. Written report, same as above. 
Score Card: Same as centre piece. 

Crocheted Collar and Jabot 

Each competitor shall send in — 

1. Crocheted collar and jabot, done by herself. 

2. Written report, same as centre piece. 
Score Card: Same as centre piece. 

Corset Cover (Hand-Made) 

Each competitor must — 

1. Send in a hand-made corset cover of size to fit herself. 

2. Material to be used either nainsook or longcloth, and; trimming may 
be cither hand-embroidery with beading, edging and white ribbon, or linen 
tape, or lace insertion and beading and edging with white ribbon or linen 
tape. 

3. Written report — 

(a) Name, quantity and price of material used. 
(&) Number and value of market hours used in making; total 
cost. 

(c) Stitches used. 

(d) Folding. 

Score Card for Corset Cover. 

Written report 15 points 

General appearance 40 points 

Stitches — 

Regularity 10 points 

Use proper stitches 15 points 

Button and button holes 10 points 

Neatness 10 points 

45 points 

100 points 

Embroidered Belt and Collar 

Each exhibitor must — 

Exhibit one embroidered belt and collar, made entirely by herself, with- 
out assistance. The belt and collar may be embroidered according to fancy 
of the maker, provided the work is all her own. No purchased trimming- 
may be used. 

45 



Best Dressed Doll 

Each competitor for prizes offered for the Best Dressed Doll must send 
in a doll about twelve inches high, dressed entirely by herself. The un- 
derclothes shall be of white lawn or long cloth, trimmed with lace edging, 
no tucks allowed. (Edging is not necessary, but is the limit of the trim- 
ming allowed.) The dress shall be of thin wash material; only a few tucks 
and lace edging allowed as trimming; all clothes shall be made and have 
buttons and buttonholes. 

Score Card for Best Dressed Doll. 

General appearance and attention to directions 50 points 

Neatness 15 points 

Stitches used i o5 points 

Crib Quilt 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Crih Quilt must send iu 
for exhibition one hand-made patchwork calico crib quilt, completely linished 
and ready for use. 

Score Card for Crid Quilt. 

Design 10 points 

Neatness 15 points 

Workmanship — 

Patchwork corners 15 points 

Seams 15 points 

Lining 15 points 

Binding 15 points 

Quilting 15 points 

75 points 

100 points 
Hemstitched Handkerchief 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Hemstitched Handkerchief 
must — 

1. Send in one hemstitched linen handkerchief, made entirely by herself. 

2. Send in a story of the flax, telling the processes by which it is finally 
made into a handkerchief. 

Score Card for Hemstitched Haxdkerciiief. 

Workmanship — 

Regularity and fineness of stitching 'AO points 

Neatness of corners 30 points 

Story of flax — 

Accuracy of information 20 points 

Spelling, neatness and penmanship ' 20 points 

100 points 

There are several ways of making the stitch. Select the one that holds 
the threads apart strongly, so that they will not run back together when 
the article is laundered. Each stitch should be distinctly wedge-shaped. 

After determining the width of the hem, draw three, four or five threads 
across the article to be hemstitched. The number of threads drawn may be 
determined by the coarseness of the materials. Ordinary lawn should rarely 

48 



have over three; Jndian liead, lour or live. Print and baste the hem care- 
fully in place. 

Use fine thread the length of your arm. Begin at right-hand end of 
hem, as for hemming. Do not use knot in thread. Insert needle so that 
the end of thread will be caught under stitches in hem. Begin hemstitch- 
ing by inserting the needle under the number of threads desired in each 
stitch (usually the same as the number of threads from hem). Draw the 
thread through. Insert needle again around the same threads, this time 
letting it come through edge of hem, beside last thread. Draw thread 
closely, but not tightly enough to draw the material. Continue each stitch 
as above. When corners are turned, as in a handkerchief, there will be 
double threads across the corners. More care is necessary here, as more 
threads must be taken up at one time. Hemstitching is the usual basis for 
all drawn work. When double hemstitching is desired, hemstitch the other 
side of the drawn threads just as you did the hemmed side. 



MANUAL TRAINING 



In this department instructions and assistance may be received only 
in practice work, unless otherwise specifically provided, and the article 
exhibited must be the product of the exhibitor's unaided effort. 

(See General Rules and Regulations for form of certificate and other 
conditions.) 

Mission Book Shelves 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Plain Mission Book Shelves 
must — 

1. Send in for exhibition a case of book shelves, made of some good 
hard wood plank dressed on sides and edges, in plain mission style, with- 
out doors and properly finished and sitained. The upright pieces must be 
long enough to rest on the floor and be from eight to ten inches wide. 

2. Send in a written report covering the following i^oints: 
(a) Kind and quantity of material used. 

(ft) Cost of material; itemized. 

(c) Number and value of hours of labor consumed in making. 

(d) Total cost. 

(e) Plain directions for making a similar case. 

Score Card for Book Shelves 

Suitability of material, considered in relation to cost 20 points 

Workmanship .tO points 

Design 20 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

SUGGESTIOXS FOR BoOK SHELVES 

Oak plank is good material for book shelves. The filler and stain should 
be put on evenly and carefully so as to give a soft dull finish and bring 
out the grain of the wood. The mission style of furniture can be seen at 
any high-grade furniture store. 

The shelves should be so placed as to permit books of different sizes 
to be placed on different shelves. 

47 



Book Case 

Each competitor for prizes for Best Book Case must send in, for exhi- 
bition, a book case made entirely by himself, not to exceed three feet in 
height or length and a written report covering the same points as the one 
on Mission Book Shelves. Same score card as Mission Book Shelves. 

Axe Handle 

Each competitor for the prizes offered for Best Axe Handle must — 

1. Send in for exhibition one axe handle, made of suitable timber for 
practical use, of the curved shape originally covered by patent rights, and 
for that reason still popularly designated as a "Patent" axe handle. 

2. Send in a written report, covering the following points: 
(a) Kind and cost of timber used. 

(6), Tools used. 

(c) Number of hours and value of labor spent in making axe handle. 

SooRE Card for Judging Axe Handle 

Selection of timber 15 points 

Shape and size 50 points 

Finish and general appearance 25 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Suggestions for Making Axe Handle 

Select good, straight-grained hickory timber, remove bark and smooth 
with drawing knife. 

Make a pattern of soft, thin pine board, lay it on smooth surface of 
the hickory timber and mark off with lead pencil. Trim the helve down 
nearly to the desired shape and size with drawing knife, then scrape with 
glass and polish with sand-paper. 

Farm Rake 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Farm Rake must — 

1. Send in, for exhibition, one hand-made farm rake of suitable timber 
and proper size for practical use. 

2. Send in written report covering the following points: 

(a) Kind and cost of timber used. 

(b) Tools used. 

(c) Number and value of hours of labor spent in making rake. 
((7) Total cost of rake. 

Score ^ard for Judging Farm Rake 

Selection of timber 15 points 

Shape, size and practical usefulness and durability 50 points 

Finish and general appearance 25 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Suggestions for Making A Good Farm Rake 

Select good, tough, white oak timber. Study the rakes used on the 
farm by your father and others, and make a better one. 

48 



Hoe 

Each competitor for prizes offered lor Best Hue must— 

1. Send in a hoe, without handle, made by him in a blacl<smith shop. 

2. Send in a written report covering tlie following points: 

(a) Kind and cost of material used. 

(b) Tools and facilities used. 

(c) Number and value of hours of labor spent in making hoe. 

SCOHIO CaUD for JllXilXCi lioio 

Shape oO points 

Size oO points 

Finish 30 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 
It is suggested tliat you go to some local blacksmith shop and get the 
smith to show you how he makes hoes. Then keep trying until you can 
make a good one. 

Shuck llooi' Mat 

Eacli competitor for prizes offered for Best Shuck Door Mat must — 

1. Send in for exhibition one door mat made of shucks from matured 
corn. The shucks must be fastened together with white oak splits or rat- 
tan, so as to make a compact and durable mat with a rough surface of 
shucks on top. 

2. Send in a written report covering the following i)oints: 
(a) Description of process of making. 

(6) Number and value of hours of labor spent in making mat. 

(c) Amount and cost of material. 

(d) Total cost. 

Score Cahi) i-oit Door Mat 

Selection of jnaterial 30 points 

Method of making 60 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 

Use nice white shucks, moistened in warm water so as to be soft when 
used. 

Picture Frame 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Picture Frame must send 
in for exhibition a picture of his own selection which lie has framed with 
moulding made by himself. The jnoulding must not be varnished. 

2. Send in written report covering the following points: 

(a) Describing method of making moulding and framing picture. 

(&) Kind and cost of material used. 

fc") Number and value of hours of labor spent. 

{(l) Total cost of picture and frame. 

(e) Sub.iect of picture. 

Score Card for Picture Frame 

Design of frame 30 points 

Workmansip of frame 30 points 

49 



Artistic merit of framed picture 30 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 
Suggestions for Fuame and Picturk 

For tlie moulding, select some good close-grained timber — oak, cedar, 
chestnut, etc. Make a plain, neat frame, being careful to have joints at 
corners fit perfectly and fastened securely. Frame a picture that means 
something to you — that you like to look at because it gives you good and 
pleasant thoughts. Make your frame bring out the good points of your 
picture. 

The size of the picture chosen will not affect the score. 

Many school fair committees consider it more practical to let the com- 
petitor huy the moulding already iwepared. 

Short Handled Broom 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Short Handled Broom 
must — • 

1. Send in one short broom, the stalk of the broom-corn forming the 
handle. 

2. Send in written report giving careful instructions for making brooms, 
with detailed statement of amount and value of labor and material used 
in making. 

Score Card for Short Handled Broom 

Workmanship 60 points 

Quality of material selected 30 points 

Written report 10 points 

100 points 
Baskets 

All competitors for prizes offered for baskets must send in clear written 
instructions for preparing the material and making the kind of basket ex- 
hibited. 

Score Card for Baskets. 

Design and workmanship 50 points 

Finish and general appearance 2.5 points 

Quality of material selected 15 points 

Written instructions 10 points 

100 points 

Each competitor for Best Split Basket must send in one peck basket, 
made of white oak splits. 

Each competitor for Best Willow Basket must send in one lunch size 
basket, made of willow. 

Each competitor for Best Work Basket must send m one basket made 
of broom-sedge, corn splits or shucks from matured corn of size suitable 
for woman's work-basket. 

Suggestions for Making Split Baskets. 

Splits should be made from tough, straight white oak. The handle, 
rim and ribs of the basket can usually be made from the heart of the 
timber from which the splits are gotten. 

50 



Rive the splits with porket knife with (not across) grain of the timber. 
Scrape with glass or knife to give a smooth, even surface. While working 
on basket, keep splits in water, to make them soft and pliant. It would be 
a good plan to secure an old basket and take it apart, observing carefully 
how the handle and rim are fastened together, the length and arrangement 
of the ribs and the manner in which the splits are woven. 

Set of Hou.sehold Utensils 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Set of Household Utensils 
must send in a butter-paddle, a potato-masher and a rolling-pin, of size for 
practical use, whittled from native wood. The roiling pin must be in shape 
a perfect cylinder. 

Score Card for Household Utensils. 

Workmanship 30 points 

Shape 30 points 

Quality of material l-'O points 

Practical usefulness 20 points 

lUU points 

Wooden Sled 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Wooden Sled must send in 
a sled of serviceable size, made of suitable material and finished without 
paint or stain. 

Score Card for Sled. 

Workmanship 50 points 

Shape 2.5 points 

Quality of material 25 points 

100 points 

Rabbit Trap 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Rabhit Trap must send in 
one well constructed rabbit trap of the usual size. They will be judged by 
workmanship. 

Writing Table 

Each competitor must send in a table 21/2x8 feet, made out of poplar, 
pine or oak. 

Send in written report covering the following points: 
(a) Kind and quality of material used. 
(h) Cost of material — itemized. 

(c) Number and value of hours of labor consumed in making. 

(d) Total cost. 

Score Card for Writing Table. 

Workmanship 'i'O points 

Design 15 points 

Written report 15 Points 

1(H) points 

51 



Miniature Wagon 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Miniature Wagon raust send 
in a wagon 6 feet long, including tongue, 2 feet wide and of proportionate 
height. Style and workmanship to control. 

Split Bottom Chair 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Split Bottom Chair must 
send in a split bottom chair made entirely by himself. 

Set of Garden Tools 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Set of Miniature Garden 
Tools must send in one set of tools — rake, spade, hoe and pick — whittled 
from naiive wood and small enough to be mountel on a card 24x36 inches. 

Miniature Bedstead 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Miniature Bedstead must 
send in a miniature bedstead, size 10x16 inches; proportionate height from 
floor. 

Miniature Boat 

Each competitor for prizes offered for Best Miniature Boat must send 
in a boat not less than 20 inches long nor more than 30 inches long and 
of proportionate width. No restriction as to the kind of model. 



ATHLETICS 



Every county school fair committee should arrange sevei'al athletic 
events to be held on the day of the fair. Each school should hold prelimi- 
nary competitive contests, and select one or two representatives for each 
event. These representatives must be bona fide students in good standing. 

Select a good place for holding the contests, often race tracks or fair 
grounds are available. If they are not, a good road will answer the pur- 
pose, provided it is roped off so the spectators cannot interfere with the 
contestants. 

Do not offer money prizes in this department, as that would make those 
who receive it professionals, and thus debar them from any form of college 
athletics. Prizes may be sweaters, track suits, baseball goods, football 
goods, medals, etc. It would be well to offer a banner or cup to the school 
scoring the highest number of points. The points should be awarded as 
follows: First place, 5; second place, 3; third place, 1. This should also 
apply to the relay race. 

Below are given rules and regulations governing various special events, 
and some suggestions for training for them. 

lOO-Vard Dash 

The start is the most important part of the 100-yard dash. The officials 
should carefully mark off the starting line, and the Clerk of the Course 
should assign the runners to their proper positions. The contestants should 
then take a stick or some sharp pointed instrument and dig a hole about 
eight inches from the line, the back of which should be perpendicular, so 
the left foot can rest in it, step in this mark and bring the right knee to 

52 



the instep of the foot, and then dig a mark where the right foot touches; 
the purpose is to secure a good footing and something to push against to get 
a quick start. At the command: "On your marks," phice the feet in the 
marks and rest on the bended knee; upon the order: "Get set," straighten 
the knee somewhat and pusli the weight forward as far as possible upon 
the hands wliicli arc placed on the line. Wait for the report of the gun; 
when it is fired, push hard witli the feet and liands, swinging tlie back foot 
forward with a snap and immediately get into tlie stride. Do not straighten 
up or try to leap from the marks. One sliould run for 10 or 15 yards 
before lie is in an upright position. When a runner is "set." his head 
should be up, and his eyes on the course ahead. Breathe only twice during 
the dash, once at the start and again at the 50-yard mark. Do not stop 
running abruptly, as it causes painful muscles, called "Charley Horse." 

220-Yai'd Dash 

As in the 100-yard dash, the start is the most important feature ,and 
should be gotten down to a science. The 220-yard dash requires more en- 
durance than the shorter dashes. The pace is almost equal to that of the 
100 yards, and should be maintained. Some runners prefer to hold back 
a little speed for final effort. This is not a bad plan if the runner does 
not get too far behind. 

440- Yard Run 

The start is the same as in the 100 and 220-yard dashes, and is rather 
fast. This event is considered almost a dash, for it must be run at a very 
fast pace. The runner, after getting a fast start, should slow down into a 
long swinging- stride, covering the ground with as little effort as possible, 
and making as much speed as he can. The last 30 or 50 yards is run at 
top speed. 

880-Yard Run 

The half-mile runner usually uses the standing start and gets away 
with good speed, running for about 220 yards and then slowing down a 
little, using a long even stride, which carries him over the track at a 
pretty good clip. The finish is sometimes made with a final sprint of 
speed. It is generally thought the best plan to save a little spring for the 
final effort, and yet it must be done with will-power in many cases. 

Runnina; Hifth Jump 

The equipment necessary for this event consists of two uprights and a 
cross bar, the bar should be a thin stick two inches in width and should 
rest on pins which should project not more than three inches from the 
uprights. The height should be measured from the middle of the bar to 
the ground. A competitor should be allowed three trial jumps at each 
height, and if at the third trial he should fail he should be declared out of 
the competition, a jump should be counted as a trial jump if the competitor 
clears the bar or if he knocks it from its place. 

There is no limit to the run a competitor may take before attempting 
a jump, and he mav run to the bar in any direction. But the best form is 
to approach the stick straight to the front slowly, taking off the left foot, 
swinging the right up hard and across the body a little, using a strong up- 
ward arm heave, the bodv turning to the left and the left foot drawn up 
sharplv almost touchins the other thitih. As the liody is passing over the 
Ftick the left arm which is hanging down, should be forced backw^ard and 
iin. which raises the left foot off the stick, the iumner landing on all fours 
facing the stick. Little sne-^rl in the approach should be used except in the 
last two steps, whicn should be nuick and hard, measure the take-off by 
standing in front of the bar, swinging up the other foot so that it just 

53 



clears, then turn and step off about 18 or 20 steps, make a mark, and if 
the strides are even, the take-off will always come to the right place on 
the ground in front of the stick. If It does not, move the back mark one 
v;ay or the other until it does. 

Standing High Jump 

The rules governing the running high jump, also govern the standing 
high jump, except that, 

The feet of the competitor may be placed in any position, but shall 
leave the ground only once in making an attempt to jump. When the feet 
are lifted from the ground twice, or two springs are made in making the 
attempt, it shall count as a trial jump without result. A competitor may 
rock forward and back, lifting the heels and toes alternately from the 
ground, but may not lift either foot clear from the ground, or slide it along 
in any direction. 

Low Hurdles (120 yards and 220 yards) 

In the 120-yard low-hurdle race ten hurdles should be used; height of 
hurdle, 30 inches. The hurdles should be placed ten yards apart, with the 
first hurdle 15 yards from the starting point, and the last hurdle 15 yards 
from the finishing line. In the 220-yard hurdle race, ten hurdles should be 
used; height of hurdle, 30 inches. The hurdles should be placed 20 yards 
apart, with the first hurdle 20 yards from the starting mark, and the last 
hurdle 20 yards from the finishing line. 

Low hurdles can be made as follows: Select two pieces of timber 2 
inches by 1 inch and six inches long; to these, nail two 1-inch boards, 2 
inches wide and 30 inches long, then nail strips across the top and bottom. 
The accompanying cut shows how this is done. 




As in many athletic events, form is of great importance. In dealing a 
hurdle, the body should not be raised over the cross piece any more than 
is possible. The rear leg and foot should be in a position ready to swing 
forward into the stride, as soon as the front foot touches the ground in the 
far side. If the spring is made off the right foot, the body is turned 
slightly to the right, and vice versa. Beginner should work only one hurdle, 
taking the start the same as in the 100-yard dash and learn to approach 
the hurdle at top speed clearing the same in the stride, with as little glide 
as possible, rather a quick, snappy movement, bringing the front foot to 
the ground as soon as possible. When this is learned he should work over 
two or more, getting the stride even and the take "off foot" coming to the 
right place before the obstacle. 

54 



Uiiniiiug Broad Jump 

In the running broad jump a take-off board two inehes by four inches 
and two feet long is set flusli with the ground, broad side up, and in front 
of it the earth is dug out to a depth of three inches, and. from an area of 
two square feet. The jumper can start back for his run as far as he wishes, 
though 100 feet should be the maximum. His toe must not break the dirt 
in front of the take-off board, if it does his jump is a foul and counts one 
of his three trials. He should land on a place where the earth has been 
loosened and leveled. To get the best results, the jumper should run as 
fast as possible, strike the take-off board with the ball of his foot, jump 
high in the air, draw his feet up under his body as far as possible, and 
when alighting always fall forward. Each competitor should have three 
trial jumps, and the competitors finishing one, two, three and four in the 
trial jumps, should each have three more trial jumps. 

Standing Bi'dad Jump 

Rules governing the running broad jump also govern the standing 
broad jump; except that. 

The feet of the competitor may be placed in any position, but shall 
leave the ground only once in making an attempt to jump. When the feet 
are lifted from the ground twice, or two springs are made in making the 
attempt, it counts as a trial junip without resiilt. A competitor may rock 
forward and back, lifting heel and toes alternately from the ground, but 
may not lift either foot clear of the ground, or slide it along the ground 
in any direction. 

Shot-Put 

The weight of the shot used for grammar and high school work is l:i 
pounds, and is made of iron or lead. It is put from 7-foot circle, in which 
the putter must stay. Should any of his person touch the outside of the 
circle at the front, a foul is made and the put is counted as a trial without 
result. The shot is held in the fingers and tnumb of the right hand with 
the palm upward. The elbow must be held well in to the side, and the shot 
near the shoulders. The weight is rested on the right foot at the back of 
the circle, a quick hop continuing into a snappy reverse of the entire body, 
the shot thrust forward and up, with all the force and dispatch possible. 
The putter should strive to get all of his weight into the final effort, 
making use of the entire body. If the left arm is forced backward the 
reverse is accellerated, thus more momentum may be secured. The shot 
putter cannot work too hard at his work. He must first get the form with- 
out the slightest hesitation between the two movements, and then try to get 
more distance in the put. Each competitor shall be credited with the best 
of all his puts. Measurement of the put shall be from the nearest edge of 
the first mark made by the shot to the point of the circumference of the 
circle nearest such mark. 

Throwing Baseball 

The throw is made back of a scratch line or other mark on the ground, 
the thrower not being allowed to step in front of the line. Each competitor 
should be given three throws and be credited with the best of ail his 
throws. The measurement of the throw should be from the scratch line to 
where the oall falls, rolling should not be taken into account. To save time 
in measuring lines at known distances near where the ball is likely to fall 
may be marked off, and the measuring done from them. 

55 



Potato Race 

In this race, from three to eight potatoes are placed two yards apart in 
a straight row. The first potato being two yards from a receptacle, which 
should be either a pail, basket, box or pan not over 06 inches in circumfer- 
ence at the opening. The finish is a line 5 yards back of the receptacle, 
which must be crossed after the last potato has been placed in the re- 
ceptacle. There must be a separate row for each contestant. 

At the word "go!" each contestant takes up xAs potato, runs to the re- 
ceptacle, drops it in, and runs back for another, continuing this until all 
the potatoes are in the receptacle, contestant crossing the finish line first 
wins. If a contestant should drop a potato, he must replace it in the re- 
ceptacle before he touches another potato; otherwise he is disqualified. 

Shoe Race 

A scratch line is made upon the ground behind which the contestants 
will start. At a given signal, each contestant takes off both shoes, and, 
taking them in his hands, runs 25 yards (or some other distance decided" 
by athletic committee), put? on his shoes and returns, the one recrossing 
the scratch line first wins. If the shoes are not perfectly laced and tied, 
the runner is disqualified. 

Three-Legj^ed Race (50 yards) 

In this race the boys run in pairs. Two boys, representing the same 
school, should be placed side by side, and the right leg of the one should 
be strapped or tied to the left leg of the other, two straps are used; one 
around the thigh and another around the ankle. This race requires much 
practice to get the best results. 

Sack Race (50 yards) 

In the sack race the feet of the contestants are enclosed in a gunny 
sack and they can either run or jump the required distance. 

Relay Race 

Each school competing in this race must be represented by a team of 
four runners, the four members of the team placed along the track at 
proper position. First runner covers one-fourth of the distance, and touches 
the second runner, who runs the second fourth of the distance, and touches 
the third runner, who runs the third fourth of me distance and touches 
the fourth runner, who completes the distance. The school wins the relay 
race whose fourth runner is first across the relay line. There should be a 
starting line for each of the four classes of competitors. A line should be 
drawn 20 feet in front of each starting line, between these two lines each 
runner must touch the succeeding runner of nis team. Failure to do this 
disqualifies the team in that event. The judges of the relay race should 
see that all touches are properly made 

Polt Vault 

There are four things which must be done simultaneously in the very 
start of the vault. As the point of the pole is stuck in the ground the 
take-off is made from the foot, the bottom hand slides upward to a position 
near the upper, both arms are then elevated over the head, and the pull 
up Is started. As the "take-off foot" leaves the ground, the other is swung 
up and across the body, the arms are flexed, and the body brought into a 
position with the feet pointing upward over the stick. As the feet start 

56 



downward, the body is faeing the stick and a strong upward inipulse is 
given the arms ana upper part ot the body, which raises the shoulders and 
arms out ot danger oi knocking oft' the stick. The vaulter alights lacing 
ilie stick and otten on all lours. Great momentum is necessary, therelore 
great speed must be attained in the approach, it is not so much a jump 
as it is a "swing up" which causes the vaulter to attain the desired heights. 
Learn the form and approach, tlien try it on low heights, and gradually 
work upward. Do not try to work too hard or too long at it, as one may 
easily overdo. Work at last short running tor speed, it is well to carry 
the pole in these runs, as the runner should learn to run with it in his 
hands. In running or in making your approach to the stick, carry the 
point high up, and whip or snap it down at the proper moment. 

Some General Training Hints to Contehtuuts 

Get plenty of sleep at regular hours. 

Be temperate in the matter of eating. 

Eat such nourishing toods as oat meal, rice, whole wheat bread, lots 
of butter. Much meat is not necessary. 

Avoid pies, cakes, sweet meats, highly spiced food, soda fountain 
drinks, etc. 

Drink plenty of good water. A good drink of cold water before break- 
fast is a cleanser and a tonic for the stomach. 

Do not use tobacco and alcoholic drinks in any form. 

Exercise at regular times, daily if possible. 

Do not work too much at first, you will get stiff and sore and become 
discouraged. 

Warm up slowly each day before getting down to hard -vork. 

When through do not let the limbs or body get cold. 

Do not lie around on the ground after exercise. 

Do not train for every event. Find out what you are best :^tted for 
and stick to that. 

Avoid becoming stale, that is, getting into a condition where the ex- 
ercises lose their charm and you neither can nor care to do things. This 
condition is brought about by too long and too hard practice. 

Officials 

The officials of track and field meet should be: 

A referee, 

A starter. 

An announcer, 

A scorer, 

A chief of the course, 

A chief marshal. 

Three judges of the finish, and 

Three time-keepers. 

Whenever possible these officials should be experienced in track ath- 
letics. It may be necessary at times for one person to act in more than 
one capacity. Their duties are as follows: 

The Referee has the power to disqualify any contestant for intentional 
or accidental fouling of the opponent. He shall decide all questions that 
may arise during the meet. His decision must be final. He shall have 
absolute power, and is the only one who can change the program or order 
of events. 

The Starter should give the contestants one or two trials, and should 
start all running events as follows "On your marks," "Get set," and fires 
the gun. He has full control of the runners after they have received their 
places from the clerk of the course, and he may put out of the event any 
one trying, to advance his mark. This rule also applies when a man has 
made more than two false starts. For the first offence he shall set back 

57 



the runner one yard; for the second offence, two yards, and for the third 
the contestant shall be disqualified. If any part of the runner touches the 
ground in front of his mark before the gun is fired a false start shall ue 
declared, and the runners called back by another report. 

The A7inoiinccr shall announce to the audience all records, and by 
whom made, and shall keep them posted as to the. main points of interest. 

The Scorer shall keep a record of the laps in the events, the proper 
order of contestants, and a careful record of the time in each event. 

The Clerk of the Course shall assign the proper positions, see that all 
are numbered, and that all competitors have been notified and are at the 
right starting point on time. 

The Three Judges shall decide on the winners. One shall stand at one 
end of the finish tape and the others at the other end. One shall "pick 
upon" the man breasting the tape first, another getting the man who 
crosses the line second and the third the runner who crosses in the third 
position. These shall be reported to the scorer by number. 

Each of the Three Timekeepers shall time every event; and in case two 
watches agree and the third disagrees, the time marked -by the two shall 
be the official time; and if all watches disagree, the official time shall be 
marked by the middle watch. If only two watches get the time, the lowest 
shall be official. Time shall be taken from the flash of the pistol (not from 
the report). A stopwatch, divided into fifths of a second, shall be used. 

Note. — The above regulations and suggestions have been reproduced 
largely from those of the American Athletic Association, New York Public 
Schools Athletic League, and from the bulletin issued by the University of 
South Carolina on State and county athletics for high schools. 



58 



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